Tooth eruption and discomfort management

  Teeth benefits should be a natural physiological process. However, many parents and children, including some health professionals, believe that some initial symptoms and discomfort (pain) should be given the necessary management.  Teething is a physiological process stemming from the fact that it is a necessary part of a child’s growth process, usually starting at 4 to 6 months of age, with the eruption of milk teeth completed at around 36 months. Common types of tooth eruption 1. asymptomatic; 2. symptomatic; 3 initially asymptomatic and later symptomatic. Some studies have shown that there is no necessary causal association between tooth eruption and infections, fever, and diarrhea. In some children, it may be associated with increased salivation, number of sucking and rubbing of the gums. However, a recent prospective study suggests that the most systemic initial signs and symptoms (fever, vomiting, facial rash, sleep disturbances, loose stools, decreased appetite, and cough) are due to other causes. These alternative causes are well documented and include meningitis, bacterial infections, and herpes simplex virus infections. These symptoms can give discomfort or pain to the affected child. Disturbances in teething may also be due to a decline in some maternal antibodies, while nocturnal crying may be due to separation anxiety or attention seeking.  Pain is the main reason for the main visit for eruption in children. Tooth eruption leads to elevated local inflammatory mediators and pain in the tissues surrounding the erupting tooth. Pain may exacerbate localized biting of hard objects, which some studies have shown may induce the formation of cysts. There is no basis for intervention early in eruption, however, pain management as a symptom of tooth eruption, the child, and parents have certain requirements for the management of needs. Depending on the symptoms first necessary local disposition, cold compresses may reduce pain, avoid local friction of the bite to reduce cysts caused by possible trauma, ice in the mouth (popsicles), and also local use of iodine glycerin to reduce inflammation. Drug use is generally considered in the presence of systemic symptoms conditions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and local use of lidocaine in children as commonly used pain relief and anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of local lidocaine should be used lidocaine gel, the dosage of use needs to be noted, although local use, blood concentration and local injection equivalent, 2-5 minutes to take effect, maintained within 20 minutes.  The disposition of symptomatic eruption of milk teeth has traditionally been controversial. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis, and from the present medical-psycho-social point of view, the experience of pain in infants and children has a great impact on their future pain in the oral cavity and even in other parts of the body, so intervention and necessary disposition are still needed, but the treatment should be moderate. From a therapeutic point of view, it is important to reduce pain and avoid psychological trauma; from a therapeutic intensity, it is possible to consider adjunctive methods instead of pharmacological treatment, such as sleep management and mental distraction.