Baby L , 5 days old, had blood seeping from her belly button, went to see a surgeon friend and had the bleeding stopped by ligation of the umbilical cord. Shortly after returning home, she found the dressing stained red and was seen again and was referred to see a pediatrician who diagnosed neonatal bleeding disorder. Baby M, 42 days old, exclusively breastfed, was seen for vomiting and blood-colored stools. Blood tests had coagulation abnormalities and a head CT showed intracranial hemorrhage. The diagnosis was neonatal hemorrhagic disease and intracranial hemorrhage. She was rescued and treated, but was left with cerebral palsy disability. What is neonatal hemorrhage? Neonatal hemorrhagic disease is a bleeding disorder caused by vitamin K deficiency. It mostly occurs 2-7 days after birth and manifests as bleeding from the skin, umbilicus, gastrointestinal tract or other organs; it can occur individually at 1~3 months of age and is called late onset. This type is most common with intracranial bleeding and is very dangerous. Blood clotting cannot be achieved without coagulation factors. Some coagulation factors such as II, VII, IX and X are mainly synthesized in the liver, and vitamin K must be involved in this process, which is called vitamin K-dependent factors. When vitamin K is deficient, the above coagulation factors are only non-functional proteins, and therefore cannot participate in the coagulation process and cause bleeding. Common factors for vitamin K deficiency in newborns: 1. Low liver stores: maternal vitamin K has very low permeability through the placenta, and only 1/10 of the amount can reach the fetus. 2, less synthesis: newborns are born in a sterile state of the intestine, or after birth due to the use of antibiotics to inhibit the normal intestinal flora, can lead to insufficient vitamin K synthesis, 3, less intake: the content of vitamin K in breast milk (15μg / L) is much lower than milk (60μg / L ), so the infant exclusively breastfeeding is more common; early birth small amount of food, access to vitamin K is also less. Preventive measures The good news is that the disease can be prevented, and the measures taken in our hospital are to supplement vitamin K1 once after birth, at 1 month of age and once at 2 months of age. The drug is inexpensive, less than a dollar a pill, and easy to inject intramuscularly.