Myasthenia gravis is an acquired systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the synapses, the nerve-muscle junctions in the body, resulting in impaired neuromuscular transmission. The pathological fatigue of the affected muscles is the basic manifestation of the disease, i.e., it worsens after exercise and decreases after rest, so it is characterized by lightness in the morning and heaviness in the evening. The most commonly affected muscle group is the extraocular muscles, with eyelid drooping, diplopia, and blurred vision; facial expression muscles are affected with difficulty in facial expression and weakness in showing teeth with eyes closed; if the limbs and trunk muscles are involved, the symptoms are easy to fall, difficulty in going upstairs, inability to lift both upper arms, and even inability to comb hair and wash face, and the above symptoms are aggravated after fatigue. In advanced stages, the disease can affect breathing and swallowing, and even suffocation and death. According to the literature, the 10-year mortality rate can be as high as 40%. Its incidence is 0.5-5/100,000 population, in recent years there is a trend of increasing, developed countries or regions even every 5,000 people have a disease. The high incidence of the population in the 20-40 years old, more women than men. Studies have found that the thymus gland is the cause of myasthenia gravis. Before and after birth, the thymus gland helps the body to develop a healthy immune system, especially for the cultivation and release of T-lymphocytes, which settle in the secondary lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. After puberty, the thymus gland gradually atrophies and its function deteriorates. In patients with myasthenia gravis, instead of degenerating, the thymus gland produces a variety of harmful antibodies, especially antibodies to acetylcholine receptors, which directly block or destroy acetylcholine receptors at the human neuromuscular synapses and make this destruction irreversible with the prolongation of the disease, while most of these antibodies are synthesized in the thymus gland, and the T-lymphocytes involved in the destruction of acetylcholine receptors are sensitized in the thymus gland, which can cause the initiating antibodies of MG The T lymphocytes involved in the destruction of acetylcholine receptors are sensitized in the thymus, and the initiating antigens of the autoimmune response to MG (i.e. myoblasts) are also present in the thymus. Therefore, the target of the current therapies is basically the antibodies, lymphocytes and thymus tissue. Surgical removal of the thymus avoids permanent irreversible damage to the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction and is the only effective means of interrupting this pathological process. Myasthenia gravis is generally classified into 4 types: oculomotor, generalized, acute fulminant, and severe generalized. Many patients with ophthalmic muscle type often mistakenly think that they are suffering from eye disease in the early stage of the disease, and often go to the ophthalmology department first, and when it is found that myasthenia gravis is very light, they only do general symptomatic treatment for a long period of time, which unintentionally delays the disease, knowing that 70% of patients with ophthalmic muscle type will eventually develop into systemic type, and the earlier the thymus gland is removed, the faster the harm to the body is lifted, and the faster the recovery after surgery. The earlier the thymus gland is removed, the faster the harm to the body will be removed and the faster the recovery after surgery, and conversely the later the stage of the disease, the slower the recovery and the worse the results after surgery, so surgery should be performed as early as possible. Especially in the case of oculomotor type, the disease period is often short and the efficiency rate after surgery is over 90%. The theoretical basis of thymus removal in the treatment of myasthenia gravis is that: the antibody-producing cells in the thymus germinal center are removed, the myoid cells and thymoma cells, which provide antigenic stimulation, are removed, and the bases for the production and maturation of memory T cells and helper T cells, which play an important role in the production of autoantibodies by helper and induced B lymphocytes, are removed, the source of thymosin is removed, and the effect of thymosin on the synthesis and release of acetylcholine is removed. The inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis and release by thymidine The long-term surgical outcome of patients is not related to age, gender and postoperative pathology type, but to the length of the preoperative course, i.e. the longer the preoperative course, the worse the postoperative recovery and the slower the recovery time; the shorter the preoperative course, the better the long-term postoperative outcome and the faster the recovery time. Due to the serious disorder of the human autoimmune system, its pathological process is very complex, with both functional disorders and organic lesions, conservative treatment by drugs alone can only play a temporary role in reducing the symptoms, but it is difficult to achieve complete relief and cure. Long-term conservative treatment does not prevent the autoimmune system from irreparably damaging the neuromuscular synapses throughout the body. This is why the longer the disease lasts, the less effective surgery becomes. That is why myasthenia gravis should be operated as soon as the diagnosis is established.