Currently, the drugs used for targeted therapy of esophageal cancer are mainly novel small molecule multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in addition to PD-1 inhibitors combined with targeting HER2 for the treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer. At present, there is no phase III clinical trial confirming that molecularly targeted drugs can prolong the survival of esophageal cancer patients, and the effect of targeted therapy needs to be further studied. Domestic studies have shown that as new small molecule multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors independently developed in China, amlotinib and apatinib have some efficacy in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Some studies have shown that the combination therapy of trastuzumab targeting HER2 combined with PD1 inhibitors (e.g. pabolizumab) in combination with chemotherapy can be used for the first-line treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer, HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer. Anrotinib (class 2A) and apatinib (class 3) are given class II recommendations for second-line treatment in the Chinese esophageal cancer treatment guidelines, respectively. In conclusion, molecular targeted therapy has certain clinical application value for the treatment of esophageal cancer, but still needs further in-depth research. The above drugs are not recommended to be purchased and taken by patients on their own to avoid serious adverse reactions, and should be purchased and used under the guidance of professional doctors.