”Trigeminal neuralgia, sometimes called “face pain,” is a kind of recurrent paroxysmal severe neuralgia in the distribution area of the facial trigeminal nerve, which is one of the common diseases in neurology and one of the internationally recognized difficult diseases. Most trigeminal neuralgia starts at the age of 40, mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, especially in women, and its onset is more on the right side than on the left side. The disease is characterized by sudden onset, stopping, lightning-like, cutting, burning, intractable and severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution area of the head and face. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia often dare not wash their faces, eat, or even swallow saliva, thus affecting their normal life and work. Some people call this pain “the first pain in the world”. The trigeminal nerve is one of the thickest nerves in the brain and is a mixed sensory-motor nerve, also known as the Vth cranial nerve. It is divided into thicker sensory nerve roots and thinner motor nerve roots after it emanates from the brain cadre. After the sensory nerve penetrates the meninges, it converges into a large ganglion, the hemimelia. This is where the nerve cells are located. It is divided into three peripheral nerves: branch I (optic nerve) innervates the top of the frontal area; branch II (maxillary nerve) is located in the cheek; and branch III (mandibular nerve) is located in the mandibular area. Trigeminal neuralgia is also known as “painful spasm”. It is the most typical neuralgia that involves the face and is limited to one or several branches of the trigeminal nerve. The peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve emanate from the semilunar ganglion to three thick branches, which are the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve in order from the inside to the outside. (1) The ophthalmic nerve is the smallest of the three branches and belongs to the sensory nerve. It branches from the anterior medial edge of the trigeminal nerve hemimelia and travels forward into the cavernous sinus, anteriorly through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, and is about centimeters long. It is located in the sinus below the actinomotor nerve and the talocrural nerve, lateral to the abducens nerve and the internal carotid artery. Anterior to the sinus wall it divides into three terminal branches, the frontal, lacrimal and nasal nerves. They then cross the dura mater and all enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure. The ophthalmic nerve has three traffic branches to the motoneurotic nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the abducens nerve, which serve as sensory fibers within these nerves. (2) Maxillary nerve The maxillary nerve is composed entirely of sensory fibers, starting from the middle of the anterior border of the semilunar ganglion, and proceeding horizontally forward, along the lower border of the lateral wall of the lateral sinus, and exiting the skull through the foramen ovale. The pterygopalatine fossa is deep, about 5.5 cm-6 cm from the cheek surface, and is enclosed by the posterior pterygoid process, the medial palatine bone, and the anterior maxilla. The pterygopalatine fossa can be connected to the nasal cavity through the orbital fissure and to the lateral side through the pterygomaxillary fissure. In trigeminal neuralgia for maxillary nerve closure, the tip of the needle is inserted into the pterygopalatine fossa through the maxillary fissure, and the maxillary nerve trunk can be pierced. The maxillary nerve is divided into the following branches in the pterygopalatine fossa. (3) Mandibular nerveThe mandibular nerve is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve, and its sensory root emanates from the anterior outer edge of the semilunar ganglion, merges with the motor root at the foramen ovale, and exits the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale. The foramen ovale is about 4.5 cm-5 cm away from the surface of the cheek and is directly under the anterior part of the mandibular microcephaly, which is the site of mandibular nerve closure in trigeminal neuralgia. The trunk of the mandibular nerve exits the foramen ovale a short distance posteriorly, i.e., it is divided into two strands, the anterior small and the posterior large. The mandibular nerve trunk is located between the external pterygoid muscle and the palatal sail tension muscle, with the anterior side adjacent to the posterior edge of the internal pterygoid muscle, the posterior side with the middle meningeal artery, and the medial side with the auricular ganglion connected with it from the trunk to the meningeal branch and the internal pterygoid muscle nerve.