Most people have experienced toothache, which is usually cured in a short time after anti-inflammatory and tooth extraction treatments. If it is a sudden onset of severe pain in one side of the mouth, teeth, jaw, head and face, with repeated attacks for more than 3 months, beware of suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Most of the toothache is caused by periodontal inflammation, with redness, swelling and heat around the gums, persistent swelling and pain at the onset. Trigeminal neuralgia, known as the “No. 1 pain in the world”, is common in middle-aged and elderly people, and refers to the pain that occurs on one side of the head, face, paranasal, jaw and around the dental bed. Typical trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysmal, short-lived pain attacks, each lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes, with severe pain. The pain mostly occurs unilaterally and usually does not spread to the midline. There are often trigger points (trigger points) along the trigeminal nerve distribution area, such as the upper and lower lips, corners of the mouth, teeth, tongue, and cheeks, which can be triggered when washing the face, brushing the teeth, drinking, talking, and shaving, seriously affecting life. The pain is torturous, the sickness is urgent, some when toothache extraction, and others choose acupuncture and massage, due to the poor results lead to patients lose confidence in treatment. To completely cure trigeminal neuralgia, the distorted blood vessels must be relieved of their compression on the nerve from the etiology. Therefore, identifying the responsible vessels under the microscope and decompressing them precisely is the guarantee of surgical efficacy, while minimally invasive operation reduces or even avoids complications to the patient. The Department of Neurosurgery of Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine uses microvascular decompression (minimally invasive) to treat trigeminal neuralgia. The responsible vessel that is compressing the nerve is removed through the microscope, isolating the contact between the nerve and the vessel, and the painful symptoms disappear. Most migraine headaches are pain in one side of the temporal region (temple, occipital region), most of them are fluctuating swelling and throbbing pain, some patients have premonition before the attack and even feel nausea and vomiting, the pain lasts for several days, and pain relief can be temporarily relieved by taking painkillers such as oral fenbid. Fatigue, insomnia, mood swings and women’s menstrual period may be the triggering factors of migraine. The cause of migraine may be related to hypersensitivity to pain sensation within the blood vessels under the scalp. When blood flows within the blood vessels, the blood exerts a certain pressure on the walls of the vessels that is well tolerated by normal people, and patients with migraine are overly sensitive to this pressure and feel unbearable pain. The best way to treat migraine is to ligate the blood vessels under the scalp. The pain disappears after the pressure receptors are turned off, and the patient has almost no complications, or can take painkillers for relief if he or she does not want to undergo the surgery.