Cerebrovascular malformation is a congenital malformation in the brain, including four types of cerebral arteriovenous malformation, cavernous hemangioma, venous malformation, and capillary malformation. Among them, the two most common are cerebral arteriovenous malformation and cavernous hemangioma. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a congenital disease in which the normal development of cerebral blood vessels is hindered from the third week of embryonic life, resulting in a series of cerebral hemodynamic disturbances due to direct traffic between arteries and veins. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations can grow as the body develops. The main manifestations of patients are recurrent intracranial hemorrhages, partial or generalized convulsive episodes, transient ischemic attacks, or neurological deficits such as hemiparesis and aphasia due to chronic localized cerebral insufficiency of blood supply. How to diagnose cerebral arteriovenous malformation? CT and MRI can basically indicate cerebrovascular malformation, but cerebral arteriovenous malformation and venous malformation can only be diagnosed by cerebral angiography. How are arteriovenous malformations treated? The goal of medical management is to prevent or stop bleeding, to control convulsive episodes and to relieve pre-existing neurological symptoms. It is indicated in more severe cases or in cases that are temporarily unsuitable for surgery. The aim of surgical treatment is to correct the cerebral hemodynamic disturbances and improve the blood supply to the brain, so that the existing neurological dysfunction can gradually improve and the convulsions can be expected to be reduced or alleviated, and the risk of rupture and bleeding of the lesion can be eliminated. At present, there are three main surgical treatments for cerebral arteriovenous malformation: 1) craniotomy; 2) endovascular intervention; 3) gamma knife or X-blade treatment. Craniotomy is suitable for the following conditions: the vascular malformation is not particularly large and is located in the superficial part of the brain; the malformation bleeds and forms a hematoma, which requires craniotomy to remove the hematoma and remove the malformation; there are frequent convulsive episodes. Endovascular intervention involves placing a catheter into the blood supply artery of the malformed mass, avoiding normal vessels, or directly into the malformed mass, and then injecting different embolic materials, depending on the situation, to occlude, reduce or delay the filling of the malformed mass. Endovascular intervention is preferred in the following cases: the vascular malformation is extensive and cannot be removed craniotomically; the vascular malformation is located in important functional areas, such as motor area, speech area and brainstem, and serious complications and sequelae will arise after surgery; the vascular malformation is high-flow and bleeds a lot with craniotomy. Endovascular treatment can be performed as long as the catheter can reach the malformed mass. Gamma knife or X-knife treatment is to use the principle of stereotactic, and irradiate gamma rays or X-rays precisely focused on the site of vascular malformation to thicken the vessel wall and cause thrombosis, thus occluding the malformed vascular mass. It is suitable for small vascular malformations, usually to be less than 3 cm; as well as vascular malformations with deep sites that are difficult to reach by craniotomy. The treatment should be carefully selected according to the size and location of the lesioned vessel, the blood flow through the lesion, or a combination of methods.