Various kinds of miscarriage, don’t get confused!
Spontaneous abortion: A spontaneous termination of a fetus weighing less than 1000 grams at less than 28 weeks of gestation.
The opposite of spontaneous abortion is induced abortion.
I. Classification according to time.
1, early spontaneous abortion: occurs before 12 weeks of pregnancy (80% of spontaneous abortions)
2, late spontaneous abortion: occurring between 12 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation
Second, according to the stage of development of the disease classification.
1. Pre-eclampsia abortion: vaginal bleeding occurs before 28 weeks of gestation, after which lower abdominal pain can occur; a small amount of vaginal blood accumulates on gynecological examination, bleeding comes from the cervical opening, but the opening of the uterus is not yet open, the size of the uterus is consistent with the time of pregnancy, the fetal membranes are not broken, and the pregnancy is not expelled.
2. Inevitable miscarriage: the condition of pre-eclampsia miscarriage develops and miscarriage is inevitable
3. Incomplete miscarriage: the pregnancy tissue is partially expelled from the body, but part of it remains in the uterine cavity
4. Complete abortion: the pregnancy has been completely expelled
3. Special types.
1. Indolent abortion: the embryonic tissue or fetus has died, but it remains in the uterus and is not expelled
2. Infectious miscarriage: Infection of the uterus, pelvis or even the whole body due to various reasons in the process of miscarriage
3. Recurrent miscarriage: 2 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions with the same sexual partner
Causes of early pregnancy pre-eclampsia miscarriage
1. Problems of the embryo itself: chromosomal abnormalities
2, the mother’s problems: endocrine abnormalities (ovarian, thyroid, diabetes, etc.), infectious diseases, immune disorders, anatomical abnormalities, traumatic stimulation, psychological factors (excessive tension, anxiety, poor lifestyle habits, etc.)
3, environmental factors: exposure to radiation, exposure to excessive chemicals, noise
The most crucial thing is to find the cause of miscarriage. Although it is not always possible to find them, we still advocate doing your best to find them! For example, it is more common to do embryonic chorion chromosome examination to find out if the miscarriage is caused by embryonic chromosome abnormality. If it is indeed an embryonic chromosomal abnormality, there is no need for special tests and treatment in the next pregnancy, because, this chromosomal abnormality is not something we can control or intervene, and it is a sudden situation.
Diagnosis of early pregnancy with preterminal miscarriage
1. There is a history of amenorrhea, but also vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain, back pain, and other precursors of miscarriage.
2. Ask the doctor to do a gynecological examination to confirm that the opening of the uterus is not open. It is also necessary to clarify that the bleeding does come from inside the uterus and not from the surface of the cervix, for example, some patients are found to have cervical polyps during the examination and the bleeding is caused by the cervical polyps and not by the embryonic pre-eclampsia miscarriage.
3. Ultrasound examination clearly shows that the pregnancy is intrauterine, which is the primary basis for diagnosis, that is, to exclude the possibility of ectopic pregnancy. In addition, there must be evidence that the embryo is alive, and if the embryo is dead, it is not a preterm miscarriage! Other than that, it needs to be clear that the size of the uterus is consistent with the duration of pregnancy; that the membranes are intact and not ruptured; and that the pregnancy remains in the uterus. These are all prerequisites for fetal preservation.
Many patients come to the hospital in a hurry when they have just had a urine or blood HCG test to confirm their pregnancy and have a small amount of vaginal bleeding, and then they let the doctor prescribe the medication to keep the fetus alive without making it clear that it is a “pre-eclampsia”, which is not safe. For example, patients with ectopic pregnancy may have a small amount of vaginal bleeding when the pregnancy is confirmed to be early, but if they do not continue the examination to make a clear diagnosis and blindly treat the pregnancy with birth control, the condition may be delayed, leading to rupture of the ectopic pregnancy and serious consequences of abdominal hemorrhage. Such examples are not uncommon in clinical practice and are lessons in blood!