The testicles are important male reproductive organs, also known as gonads, whose main function is to produce sperm and androgen, which determines whether a boy will have normal sexual function and fertility when he grows up to adulthood. As a parent, from the first cry after the birth of a boy, you should carefully stroke his scrotum to check whether there are two testicles the size of a small peanut in the scrotum. The development of genitals in childhood is very slow and childish, but in puberty, under the influence of endocrine secretion, the internal and external reproductive organs develop rapidly. The reproductive system develops and matures in a relatively short period of time compared to other systems of the body, and significant gender characteristics emerge. During this period, significant changes occur in the reproductive organs, as well as the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and seminal emission. If children are unaware of this knowledge, it may bring about serious psychological fears or worries, often affecting the physical and mental health of adolescents. If parents turn a blind eye to their children’s physiological changes, do not hear, do not ask, do not observe, until there is a problem or a serious problem, regret is too late. Many parents do not understand the normal development of the child’s reproductive organs, and take it for granted that there is no problem with the child’s height and intellectual development, so there will be no problem with the reproductive organs. Some parents blindly believe that their children are small and that reproductive health is something to be talked about when they grow up, and they have no idea whether their children’s reproductive organs are developing normally or not. Some even go to the hospital only when they have sexual impotence and fertility problems after marriage, delaying treatment. The number of patients with abnormal development of reproductive organs tends to increase due to environmental toxic factors and contamination of food with chemical toxic substances. Parents are the closest to their children, so the family should be the first classroom of sex education. Parents not only need to guide their children’s sexual health correctly, but also let their children feel their parents’ love and care, and carry out regular health checkups for their children. Adolescent parents can usually observe whether the child has any abnormalities in urination and whether there is breast development, the presence of testicles in the scrotum, pay attention to whether there is a combination of hypospadias, cryptorchidism, etc. In addition, small penis syndrome is often accompanied by a lack of sense of smell, early deafness, poor eyesight, color blindness and other conditions. It is also important to watch for physical phenomena such as morning erections and seminal emission, as well as psychological problems in the child’s life. The causes of gonadal dysgenesis are complex, including congenital genetic aspects, as well as acquired nutritional and disease factors. The congenital factors are: 1. Congenital physical factors: their parents or relatives often also have delayed growth and sexual development. Generally height development and puberty begin 3-4 years later than children of the same age. 2.Pituitary gonadotropin abnormality: manifested as short and fat body and poor development of sex organs. 3.Congenital thyroxine deficiency: commonly known as cretinism, in addition to short body, there is also mental retardation. 4.Congenital gonadotropin deficiency: it is mainly characterized by poor development of sex organs. 5, congenital gonadal dysgenesis: in addition to body shortness, often accompanied by other congenital deformities. Acquired factors are also multifaceted, often directly related to diseases, such as schistosomiasis, nutritional and metabolic disorders, encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, tumors of the pituitary gland and so on. Parents should seek medical attention if they suspect signs of delayed puberty in their child. For the treatment of male hypogonadism, chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone replacement therapy are generally applied traditionally to promote the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics by supplementing patients with androgens. In recent years, synthetic GnRH has been used to treat hypothalamic hypogonadism, and some patients have not only seen the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, but also enlarged testicles, increased libido, penile erection, and even ejaculation; active spermatozoa have been detected in the semen of some patients, which has brought hope of fertility to the patients. Although the treatment of dyspareunia has made great progress, the key to the problem is early detection, timely diagnosis and development of treatment programs. Treatment for dyspareunia is time-sensitive, and the ideal time for treatment is usually before the end of puberty. The ideal time for treatment is usually before the end of puberty. After a certain age, the opportunity for treatment is lost. Therefore, it is sincerely hoped that parents will be concerned about their children and consult the hospital in time when they find out the situation.