The adenoids are an important part of the inner ring of the human pharyngeal lymphatic ring and are the first line of defense for children against a variety of pathogenic factors. During childhood adenoids become enlarged for various reasons and block the posterior nostril and pharyngeal pharyngeal opening causing rhinitis, sinusitis, recurrent respiratory infections, chronic cough, pharyngitis, secretory otitis media and other diseases. When the posterior nostril is blocked by adenoid hypertrophy in children, snoring, open-mouth breathing and sleep disturbance will occur due to nasal congestion, and apnea will occur in severe cases, making the child prone to head ischemia and hypoxia, mental depression, headache, dizziness and slow reaction, affecting the child’s physical and intellectual development and reducing physical resistance. Long-term open-mouth breathing, oral airflow will impact the hard palate, making it deformed and high arched, which in turn affects facial development, resulting in short and thick upper lip, sagging mandible, disappearance of nasolabial fissure, high arched hard palate, uneven teeth alignment, protruding upper incisors, poor bite, deviated nasal septum, etc. Facial muscles are not easy to move and lack of expression, which is called “adenoid facial features This is called “adenoid face”. Blockage of the posterior nostril can also affect the nasal cavity and sinus drainage, leading to sinusitis, nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, headache, dizziness and other symptoms. Adenoid enlargement may compress the nasopharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube, leading to ear diseases such as otitis media and hearing loss. Due to the backflow of nasal mucus to the pharynx, the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract is constantly irritated, which can also cause recurrent respiratory infections, chronic cough, poor pulmonary expansion and ventilation, increased pulmonary artery pressure, and even induce pulmonary heart disease. This shows that pediatric adenoid hypertrophy should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, otherwise it will bring great harm to the child’s health. Since adenoid hypertrophy is not a minor hazard, it should be actively treated once it is diagnosed. The basic treatment options are: 1) antibiotics, 2) nasal spray hormonal anti-allergy drugs, 3) anti-allergy drugs, 4) decongestants, and 5) Chinese herbal medicine. Based on their understanding of the patient’s condition, ENT doctors will basically choose a variety of these medications to treat adenoid hypertrophy in the short term, most of which can achieve good results. For adenoid hypertrophy with a long history and the above conventional treatment options are difficult to cure, it is recommended that it is best to surgically treat it. The most commonly used procedure is to remove the hypertrophic adenoids using sinus cutting drill or radiofrequency ablation under endoscopic surveillance, which has the advantages of direct vision surgery, good efficacy, high cure rate and few complications.