As the saying goes, “nine out of ten people have stomach problems”, stomach discomfort, stomach acidity, stomach distension and stomach pain have become the common problems of contemporary people. In China, about 160,000 people die from stomach cancer every year. Stomach cancer is also one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, ranking second among the causes of cancer death. The World Health Organization reports that 50% of gastric cancers are associated with H. pylori, a major causative agent of upper gastrointestinal diseases that can cause gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. About 60% of the population in China is infected with H. pylori. Prevention and control of gastric cancer has become a growing concern. A study conducted by Kyushu University in Japan showed that stomach cancer is not only closely related to people’s dietary habits, but is also a contagious disease. A 2008 report published in the prestigious academic journal The Lancet also pointed out that eradication of H. pylori after gastric cancer surgery can reduce the chance of recurrence of gastric cancer. Therefore, as early as 1994, the World Health Organization classified H. pylori as a Group 1 carcinogen. China’s Liaoning Zhuanghe, Shandong Linqu and Fujian Changle are all areas with high incidence of gastric cancer. Long-term medical observations in these high-incidence areas have revealed that sharing meals and not paying attention to dietary hygiene and eating patterns can increase the chances of contracting H. pylori. The incidence of gastric cancer in these areas is high due to the preference of smoked, heavy and spicy foods, smoking, drinking and high salt diet, which can directly damage the gastric mucosa and impair its protective effect. Studies have also found that the incidence of stomach cancer in men is about twice that of women, and it is more common in the age of 40-60. After entering middle age, men’s immune function starts to weaken, and they also bear the heavy burden of family and career, which makes them more vulnerable to various cancer-causing factors such as continuous mental stress, irregular life, irregular hunger and satiety, and excessive smoking and drinking. Moreover, it is often difficult to change the fixed eating habits formed by middle-aged people. Therefore, in addition to adjusting the rhythm of life and work as much as possible, early examination, early detection and early treatment are very important. What is Helicobacter pylori? Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped, slightly anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, the requirements for growth conditions are very demanding, the bacteria are rich in urease. H. pylori is most suitable for growth on the surface of the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa and in the substrate of the gastric mucus, and is most abundant in the sinus and less abundant in the body and fundus of the stomach. H. pylori is harmful to humans because it can produce a variety of toxin factors, such as adhesion factors, ester polysaccharides, urease, vacuolar cytotoxins and cytotoxin-associated proteins, etc. Urease can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier, can cause inflammation and immune response in the body, increase gastrin secretion, and eventually lead to the formation of a series of gastric diseases. Long-term infection with H. pylori can cause chronic active gastritis and lead to gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal epithelial metaplasia, and the chance of heterotypic hyperplasia and carcinogenesis increases. The younger the age at the time of infection, the greater the possibility of developing gastric cancer later. Fullness, discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen after eating, often accompanied by other undesirable symptoms such as warmth, bloating, acid reflux and loss of appetite. Some people may also experience recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain and small amounts of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms of stomach disease caused by H. pylori are easily ignored, thus missing the best time to detect early gastric cancer. How can H. pylori infection be eliminated? The key to prevent H. pylori infection, like other infectious diseases of the digestive tract, is to keep the “disease from the mouth”. Pay attention to dietary hygiene is the primary measure. To do before and after meals to wash their hands, is a direct impact on the key aspects of H. pylori can be brought into the body. Must eliminate raw meat, a lot of people like to eat a rare steak, or eat hot pot when the meat is not yet hot to eat, this practice greatly increases the chance of exposure to H. pylori. H. pylori can also grow and reproduce on dental plaque and dental caries, and careful, careful brushing is the most effective way to eliminate dental plaque and prevent dental caries. When eating vegetables or fruits, remember to sterilize, wash or peel them; use public chopsticks when eating. If there are people in the family suffering from stomach disease due to H. pylori infection, it is better to temporarily implement meal sharing system until cured. For babies who are new to eating or for young children who are difficult to “serve” when eating, it is best for parents not to feed them with chewable food. Also, avoid close contact with pets such as kissing. In addition, medical experts believe that early detection of H. pylori infection and timely and effective use of antibiotics to kill H. pylori is of great significance in the prevention and control of gastric cancer. Screening for H. pylori is recommended for people who have undergone gastric surgery, have had gastric disease, or have relatives who have had gastric cancer. Its diagnostic methods include two types: invasive and non-invasive. The former relies on gastroscopic biopsy, including rapid urease test, direct smear staining microscopy of gastric mucosa, staining microscopy of gastric mucosal tissue sections, and bacterial culture, while non-invasive testing methods include 13C or 14C breath test and serum antibody test. With the current level of medical care, complete eradication of H. pylori is not difficult, and 90% of bacterial infections can often be eliminated from the body after 1-2 weeks of treatment. Combined application of antibiotics is the only effective measure for the treatment of H. pylori-related diseases. There are many protocols for the eradication of H. pylori, and triple or quadruple therapy is generally recommended, with antibiotics as the mainstay, supplemented by acid suppressants. Common antibiotics include hydroxybenzyl penicillin, gentamicin, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. For early detection of gastric cancer, people who live in areas with high incidence of gastric cancer, have gastric symptoms or have family history of gastric cancer should have regular gastric examination as early as possible. The preferred examination method is gastroscopy, because doctors can directly observe the subtle changes of gastric mucosa through gastroscopy, and for suspected cancerous areas, they can also take some tissue specimens for pathological examination directly through gastroscopy for early detection and treatment.