Recently, I often receive letters from parents asking how to deal with their children’s nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing and poor sleep after repeated colds. Here, I will briefly explain: In winter, due to the cold and dry weather, the human body, in order to adapt to this environment, will have nasal mucous membrane congestion, nasal turbinate enlargement, so that the blood flow in the turbinate will accelerate to warm and moisten the dry and cold air we inhaled, so that the air inhaled into the trachea and lungs is suitable. Therefore, compared to summer, we will feel that nasal ventilation will be relatively poor. This is especially true for children with narrow nasal passages and patients with chronic rhinitis. In this case, the clinical symptoms are relatively mild, and daily attention to warmth to avoid colds, humidification of indoor air and daily nasal rinse care will reduce the symptoms. In addition, repeated upper respiratory tract infections in children can cause adenoid hyperplasia in the posterior part of the nasal cavity, which is a mass of lymphatic tissue with the same nature as the tonsils. Some children may have tonsillar hyperplasia, which can also block the airway and cause poor breathing, prolonged open-mouth breathing, snoring, and even repeatedly waking up, which can seriously affect the sleep quality of the child. In addition, adenoid hyperplasia can block the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube, causing recurrent otitis media and affecting hearing. In this case, it is necessary to take the child to the hospital to check whether the adenoids are too large to affect the respiratory tract usually. Medication is not effective in this case and surgery is needed. Now adenoidectomy is performed under direct nasal endoscopy, which is both minimally invasive and thorough, with good results and a low recurrence rate. Parents should not be too afraid of surgery and should weigh the pros and cons to decide.