Pediatric pneumonia has the highest incidence in winter, accounting for almost 80-90% of the year, and is the most common disease in children. Pediatric pneumonia mainly refers to bronchopneumonia in infants and children. The pathogens that cause pediatric pneumonia are 1/3 viral; 1/3 bacterial; and the other 1/3 caused by pathogens other than bacteria and viruses. Pediatric pneumonia often occurs after upper respiratory tract infections such as colds and flu or pharyngitis, and may also be combined with inflammation after measles or whooping cough. The main symptoms are fever, cough, sleep disturbance, or mild diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Sudden onset of tight breath, nasal flapping, severe perioral cyanosis, increased heart rate, or drowsiness and confusion, or irritability, and medium and small vesicular sounds can be heard in the lungs. If there is prolonged respiration, dry rales and croup are heard, then it is wheezing bronchopneumonia, and various abnormal images of pneumonia can also be seen on X-ray. Pneumonia is more serious and even life-threatening in children with rickets, malnutrition or congenital heart disease, pulmonary dysplasia or other malformations. Extra care should be taken in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in such children. To reduce the incidence of pediatric pneumonia, the key is to do a good job of preventing pneumonia, usually by paying attention to reasonable nutrition and physical exercise in children, providing a reasonable diet, preventing malnutrition and eating disorders, supplying sufficient vitamins and essential proteins to ensure the normal nutritional development of the child, strengthening the child’s resistance and preventing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. To prevent pediatric pneumonia, it is important to plan ahead and strengthen vaccination against infectious diseases. During the epidemic of measles, whooping cough and influenza, preventive measures should be taken to prevent infection in children, especially for children under 3 years of age to prevent the onset of the disease. Use bronchitis vaccine, lysozyme, dead BCG vaccine and nuclear one tyrosine two months before the winter respiratory season to reduce the incidence of pediatric migratory bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and asthma. When influenza and respiratory infections are prevalent, the living environment should be disinfected by spraying with 0.2% bleach solution or fumigating with vinegar, and when the weather changes suddenly or when entering or leaving air-conditioned rooms, attention should be paid to the increase or decrease of children’s clothes to avoid pneumonia induced by cold. Children with malnutrition and rickets should be corrected in time to prevent development, and vitamin D assault therapy can be used to avoid a vicious circle between the two diseases. The children with recurrent respiratory infections and rickets are most likely to be combined with pneumonia. These children have poor absorption in the small intestine and can be given the Chinese herbal medicine spleen powder (Astragalus, Radix Codonopsis, Poria, Atractylodes, Glycyrrhiza glabra), 3 grams daily for 30 days. For children who already have pneumonia, they should follow the doctor’s instructions and take medication, injections and treatment regularly. In winter, when the air is dry, you can sprinkle water in the room or release the kettle on the stove to increase the humidity in the room to facilitate sputum discharge. If there is mild hypoxia, new air therapy can be given (except for newborns). Children with fever and frequent breathing have more water loss, so they should be fed more water, or rice soup, juice or glucose; breast children with shortness of breath and cyanosis should be held up when feeding or taking medication, and should not be filled directly. If the child’s condition changes, such as persistent high fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis, difficulty in breathing, inability to lie down, swollen limbs and little urine or coma, the child should be immediately sent to hospital for resuscitation.