Acromegaly virus refers to human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be present in the urine. There are currently three hypothesized sources of HPV-infected cells in urine: (1) exfoliated cells from limited urethral infection; (2) co-infection of the lower genital tract and urethra; and (3) contamination of urine with exfoliated cells from HPV infection of the lower genital tract. Existing studies have shown that HPV-infected cells in urine are likely to originate from exfoliated cells in the cervical or vaginal area. Urine sampling is simple, convenient, non-invasive, and does not affect the body’s HPV infection status, so the use of urine specimens for HPV testing applied to clinical applications is one of the current research hotspots. However, current research on HPV testing based on urine specimens is not applied to condyloma acuminatum, but to cervical cancer screening, which complements existing screening strategies, or to epidemiology and HPV vaccine efficacy monitoring.