What are the indications for pterygium surgery? With the increasing maturity and refinement of surgical techniques, experience and higher aesthetic requirements, the indications for pterygium have changed from progressive pterygium, which affects vision or eye movement, to a condition where the patient has difficulty eliminating irritation caused by tear film instability, abnormal visual function, difficulty wearing corneal contact lenses, limited eye movement or aesthetic impact, and as a preoperative treatment for cataract and refractive surgery. Surgery can be considered as a preoperative treatment for cataract and refractive surgery. What is the surgical treatment for pterygium? If the pterygium has grown into the black eye and is affecting vision, the pterygium should be removed at a hospital. Surgery is currently the only effective treatment for pterygium, and there are no specific medications that can inhibit the formation of pterygium or prevent its further development. Because of the high incidence of pterygium and the high recurrence rate after traditional surgery, pterygium surgery has evolved rapidly over the past 30 years with innovations in surgical techniques and methods, and is now performed using microscopic pterygium excision combined with autologous conjunctival transplantation with corneal limbal stem cells and pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, which can effectively reduce the recurrence rate after surgery.