Atlantoaxial subluxation is the partial prolapse of the 2nd cervical vertebra from the articular fossa of the 1st cervical vertebra. The treatment of this condition needs to be tailored to each case. In cases where pain is present, medication and physical therapy can be used, while in cases with neurological symptoms, surgery is required. In many cases, atlantoaxial subluxation is simply a result of the ligaments around the two vertebral bodies relaxing due to external forces and the connection between the vertebral bodies becoming abnormal. This may only result in pain and discomfort and limited movement in the neck. Treatment of subluxation in this condition begins with analgesic medication to quickly relieve the patient’s pain and discomfort. The main physical treatment option is jaw and neck traction suspension, a suspension measure that allows the prolapsed vertebra to return to its original position by continuously relaxing the traction force of the muscles and ligaments around the vertebral body through the suspension force. Along with suspension traction, a neck brace should be used to immobilize the neck and limit movement to help repair the surrounding damaged ligaments. It is possible to fully restore the vertebral body to its normal position. Atlantoaxial subluxation with nerve compression can occur. The process of moving the vertebral body in position can cause a series of neurological symptoms due to compression and strain on the spinal cord, nerve roots, and other tissues. Surgical treatment is required for this condition. The purpose of surgical treatment is, first, the need to restore the normal position of the vertebral body, and the need to maintain a firm position of the vertebral body. Posterior fusion of the vertebral body is the commonly used surgical procedure. Atlantoaxial subluxation is most often caused by trauma, so after trauma occurs, necessary bed rest is required to ensure that the injury is not further aggravated. The appropriate treatment is then chosen according to the specific situation.