Sleeping in the spring, you can hear birds crying everywhere. The sound of wind and rain comes at night, and the flowers fall. From Meng Haoran’s “Spring Dawn”, we can know that the author slept soundly in spring on a night of spring. Human beings spend 1/3 of their time in sleep, which is an important part of human life. What is sleep and what is the meaning of sleep? Sleep allows us to recover from fatigue and sleepiness, and human growth hormone secretion is increased during nighttime sleep, especially in slow-wave sleep; growth hormone prevents protein degradation due to prolonged fasting during sleep, Recent sleep studies have found that sleep has a “memory processing” effect, including memory encoding, memory consolidation, brain function remodeling and memory reconsolidation. Simply put, the physiological significance of sleep is multifaceted, including energy conservation, avoidance of unnecessary activities, crisis avoidance and cessation of excessive incoming information, and memory consolidation. Life experience has taught us that sleep is as essential to us as eating and drinking water. One day without sleep makes us very uncomfortable, two days without sleep makes us extremely sleepy and restless, and three or more days can cause many people to crash. Rats will die after about 14 days of complete sleep deprivation. In patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) there is chronic sleep deprivation. once asleep, the already narrow airway is occluded due to relaxation of the dilator muscles of the upper airway, causing the patient to be unable to breathe, thus awakening, the airway opens and breathing resumes. this sleep cycle in OSAS leads to frequent interruptions of sleep, interfering with the continuous process of sleep from light to deep. It leads to a chronic deprivation of sleep. In the following we will highlight and explain obstructive sleep breathing disorder: Sleep snoring is considered to be a manifestation of good sleep. Simple snoring, which does not affect the quality of sleep and does not cause sleep interruption or awakening, is not yet certain to be classified as a disease, but snoring that causes frequent awakening, affects the quality of sleep, leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and reduced wakefulness, and is even also associated with cardiovascular disease, is considered However, if snoring causes frequent awakening, affects sleep quality, leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and reduced wakefulness, and is even associated with cardiovascular disease, it is considered a disease and is classified as a sleep disorder. The understanding of sleep breathing disorders began in the 1970s with the re-recognition of Pickwickian syndrome. Pickwickian syndrome was a disease type proposed by Bickelmann et al. in the 1950s after a study of a group of obese and excessively sleepy patients during the day, drawing on the image of a fat red-faced boy named Joe described by the famous English writer Dickens in his novel The Pickwick Papers. In the following 10 to 20 years, German and French doctors studied the sleep of Pickwick syndrome patients and found that a significant number of patients had recurrent apnea during sleep with frequent awakenings and excessive daytime sleepiness, which led to the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as a separate disease type. OSAS is one of the greatest discoveries in the field of respiratory diseases in the last 100 years. Sleep snoring, apnea, daytime sleepiness and open-mouth breathing during sleep are the typical manifestations of OSAS. Frequent sleepiness, interrupted nighttime sleep and pseudo-insomnia, frequent nocturnal urination and profuse night sweats, as well as headache and dry mouth after waking up in the morning, are also common manifestations of OSAS. Common etiologies include: 1. Relatively excessive soft tissue in the upper airway, which is the main cause of OSAS. 2, excessive hypertrophy of the lateral pharyngeal wall muscles may be the main factor leading to upper airway obstruction; excessive accumulation of pharyngeal fat, adenoids, tonsils and tongue root hypertrophy are also important causes; 3, adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy are the main causes of OSAS in children; OSAS obstruction can be in the nasal tract, nasopharynx, oropharynx or laryngopharynx, with the posterior end of the soft palate in the nasopharynx being the main site of obstruction. 4. In addition, recession of the lower jaw and small jaw deformity, dysfunction in maintaining the upper airway open, genetic predisposition, endocrine diseases such as acromegaly and hypothyroidism may also be the causes. Polysomnography (PSG) is currently considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of OSAS, and is a technique for monitoring multiple physiological activities during sleep and wakefulness. . Fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy allows examination of the airway between the nasal cavity and the voice box under direct vision to assess the ductal diameter of the nasal, palatopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal airways, which helps to identify the site of obstruction and is very helpful in determining the surgical approach and surgical site. OSAS treatment should be comprehensive, including weight loss, avoidance of triggers, correction of somatic diseases that cause and aggravate OSAS, oral orthoses and surgery, and in severe cases, positive pressure ventilation therapy during sleep is required.