1. Visible percutaneous endoscopic nucleus pulposus removal techniques (these are the latest techniques, which make the postoperative symptom relief rate and clinical efficiency significantly improved, and reduce many complications, is the true sense of the treatment of lumbar disc degeneration minimally invasive surgery) * intervertebral foraminoscopy (PELD) * intervertebral discoscopy (MED) 2. Blind percutaneous nucleus pulposus removal techniques (the efficiency of these techniques is low, partially carried out) * Percutaneous laser vaporization of the nucleus pulposus for disc decompression: PLDD * Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the disc for myeloplasty 3, percutaneous vertebral body kyphoplasty 4, canal-assisted techniques (including expandable canal, non-expandable canal) 5, percutaneous local closure techniques: selective nerve root closure; sacroiliac joint closure; small joint injection and medial branch block; small joint denervation 6 7. percutaneous spinal biopsy technique 8. small incision disc removal technique 9. percutaneous pedicle screw fixation technique. All the above techniques have been carried out in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the techniques are mature.