1. What happens if I often vomit after surgery? What should I do if I vomit? The common cause of nausea and vomiting after surgery is the reaction to anesthesia, which is more common after general anesthesia. In addition, the application of morphine, dulcolax and other painkillers can also cause a few patients to vomit. After the anesthetic and drugs disappear, nausea and vomiting can be stopped, so there is no need to be overly nervous. When nausea occurs, deep breathing can be done, and the head should be tilted to one side when vomiting (after cervical spine surgery, the patient should turn sideways, and not turn the head), so as to prevent choking and asphyxiation caused by vomitus mistakenly entering the trachea when lying down. If necessary, antiemetic drugs can be given as prescribed by the doctor. Other causes of postoperative nausea and vomiting include increased intracranial pressure, diabetic acidosis, uremia, etc., which should be told to doctors and nurses in time for timely treatment. 2.Why is it often difficult to urinate after surgery? How to overcome? Difficulty in urination may occur after surgery, especially in patients who need to stay in bed after lumbar and sacral spine surgery. Inhibition of urinary reflexes after general anesthesia, spasm of bladder sphincter reflexes caused by incision pain, and patients not accustomed to urinating in bed are common causes. These causes of urination difficulties are temporary and can be solved after treatment. Treatment, should first stabilize the mood, anxiety, tension can increase sphincter spasm, make urination difficult; should enhance the confidence of urination, such as cervical spine surgery patients in the case of doctor’s permission, can take the neck brace in the nursing staff with the assistance of sitting in bed or standing on the edge of the bed to urinate. Thoracolumbar spine surgery patients must lie down to urinate, can be hot compresses on the lower abdomen, listen to the sound of running water, massage the bladder area or acupuncture to stimulate urination. If there is still no effect after taking the above measures, then the nurse should cooperate with the indwelling catheter drainage of urine. In addition, before the surgery, the concern about urination after the surgery should be eliminated, and 2-3 days before the surgery, one should start practicing urination and defecation in bed by oneself in order to prevent the occurrence of urinary retention. Some patients with sacral tumor have difficulty in urination after surgery due to the removal of sacral nerves that control urination and defecation, which need to be trained for a long time to promote their recovery. 3.Why will there be constipation after surgery? How to overcome it? Due to prolonged bed rest and insufficient exercise after surgery, the intestinal peristalsis slows down and the water in the feces is absorbed by the intestines. Meanwhile, the diet in the early postoperative period is mainly fluid and lacks fiber, thus constipation is easy to occur. In life, diet should pay attention to: (1) in the patient’s intestinal tract before ventilation, do not eat milk, soy milk, sweets and other gas-producing food, in order to avoid abdominal distension. (2) Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits during bed rest, and eat food rich in crude fiber, such as: celery, leek, wild rice, corn, apples, etc., which can prevent constipation. (3) abdominal distension, abdominal hot compresses, abdominal massage (around the navel, starting from the left lower abdomen, to the clockwise direction of the lower abdomen clockwise massage), to promote intestinal peristalsis in order to facilitate exhaustion, defecation. Can follow the doctor’s instructions to give morpholine and other oral, if necessary, leave a gastric tube or anal tube to exhaust. (4) If constipation is serious, use Keseru or take a small amount of laxative as prescribed by doctor. (5) Some patients with sacral tumors have difficulty in defecation after surgery due to removal of sacral nerves that control urination and defecation, which need to be trained for a long time to promote their recovery. 4.Why is it easy to get up after long-term bed rest and have dizziness and fall down? How to prevent it? This is the trouble caused by postural hypotension. Postural hypotension is a hypotension that occurs due to a change in body position, such as a sudden change from a lying position to an upright position, or standing for a long period of time. It is mainly due to the change of body position due to the vegetative nerve dysfunction, caused by the dysfunction of the contraction of small upright arteries, manifested as unsteady standing, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, incontinence, and so on, and fainting will occur in serious cases. Preventive measures: (1) long-term bed-ridden patients and elderly people with hypertension should move slowly when standing up, and should follow the following procedures before standing up: first shake the head of the bed 30 degrees -40 degrees to take the semi-recumbent position → sitting position → bedside meditation → standing position, and each position should be completed gradually. If there are symptoms such as dizziness, softness and weakness, you should immediately lie flat on the bed, lower your head, loosen the collar, keep warm and rest for a few moments to relieve. It is best to have a family member to assist you when you stand up for the first time. (2) do some light limb activities before standing, help to promote venous blood flow back to the heart, elevate blood pressure, avoid postural hypotension. (3) Eat a reasonable diet, make up enough nutrition, and avoid overfeeding or starvation. (4) Adhere to appropriate physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, ensure sufficient sleep time, avoid exertion and prolonged standing. 5, postoperative fever awareness and treatment Surgery, regardless of size, is a trauma to the body, which can cause tissue destruction, hemorrhage and cellular necrosis, tissue necrosis after the absorption of substances can cause the body to respond to the fever, the larger the surgery, the more tissue destruction, and therefore the fever is also higher. Generally within 3-4 days after surgery, the body temperature does not exceed 38.5℃, which belongs to the normal range of surgical absorption, if it exceeds, then physical cooling is given (≥38.5℃): applying ice packs on the head and the superficial parts of the large blood vessels passing through, alcohol rubbing, warm water rubbing, etc., and if necessary, using cold saline enemas or medications to cool down the temperature according to the doctor’s instructions. In the process of cooling, should pay attention to the observation of the condition, if the patient is found to be pale, cold limbs, blood oxygen drop, etc., should keep warm to give oxygen, report to the doctor.