Signs of rotator cuff injury include Neer’s sign, Hawkins’ sign, Jobe’s test, blowing horn sign, Lag’s sign, and back push-off sign.
Shoulder joint examination is a little more troublesome.
(A) Shoulder joint mobility examination
1.Apley Scratch test (Apley test)
2.External shoulder rotation mobility: 1) internal rotation, 2) abduction 90 degree external rotation.
3.The internal rotation mobility of the shoulder
(B) Muscle strength test for rotator cuff injury.
1.Abduction muscle strength: 1）Jobe test (Empty can test), 2）Drop arm test
2.External rotation strength: 1）the External Rotation Resistence Strength test (ERRS), 2）Drop test, 3）External Rotation Lag Sign
3, internal rotation muscle strength: 1) Lift off test, 2) Napoleon test, 3) the Internal Rotation Resistence Strength test (IRRS)
(4) Internal Rotation Lag Sign (IRRS)
(C) Impact-induced test.
1.Subacromial impingement: 1）Neer sign, 2）Hawkins sign, 3）pain arc
2.Rostral impingement test
3.Shoulder lock joint impingement: Cross-arm test (Cross-arm test)
(D) glenohumeral joint stability test.
1.Underneath instability: Sulcus sign
2.Anterior instability: 1) Apprehension test, 2) Relocation test, 3) Load and shift test
3, posterior instability: load and shift test.
(E) Biceps long head tendon and SLAP injury (superior labrum from anterior to posterior) assessment.
1.Yergason test
2.Speed test
3.O’Brien test