A planned pregnancy is a joyous event for the mother and father-to-be, yet many families are plunged into endless suffering and running around because of spontaneous miscarriage. Can it be prevented? What preparations should be made after a miscarriage so that the next pregnancy can take place?
What is spontaneous miscarriage?
Termination of pregnancy at less than 28 weeks of gestation and a fetus weighing less than 1 kg is called miscarriage. In layman’s terms, spontaneous miscarriage means that you want to have the baby but are unable to maintain a normal pregnancy and cannot keep it.
Spontaneous miscarriage is divided into early, middle and late stages. A miscarriage before 12 weeks of gestation is generally called early miscarriage. If the miscarriage is after 12 weeks, it is called mid- or late-term miscarriage.
What are the causes of spontaneous miscarriage?
The common causes of spontaneous miscarriage are divided into the following major categories.
1, genetic factors: genetic causes include chromosomes of both parents, male semen factors, etc.
2, the infection factor: also known as TORCH, also known as microbial infection. For example, Toxoplasma gondii infection, rubella virus infection, herpes virus infection, etc. This series of microbial infections can enter the uterus through the placenta and harm the embryo.
3, endocrine factors: for women, folliculopoietin, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, progesterone, androgen, lactogen, etc., if these hormones are abnormal, they will also affect the normal growth and development of the embryo. Abnormal thyroid hormones can also affect the pregnancy outcome.
4. Anatomical factors: i.e. uterine problems. For example, congenital uterine malformations such as longitudinal septum, saddle-shaped uterus, bicornuate uterus, etc., and acquired factors such as submucosal polyps, submucosal fibroids and other uterine problems can also lead to spontaneous abortion.
5, immune factors: there are many types of immune factors.
6, positive zona pellucida antibodies: there is a layer of zona pellucida on the surface of the egg, if the patient is positive for zona pellucida antibodies, it can damage the egg and easily lead to infertility and miscarriage.
7. Phospholipid antibodies: They can lead to coagulation dysfunction, which can lead to the formation of microthrombosis at the mother-fetus interface, which in turn can lead to spontaneous abortion;
8, closed antibody: closed antibody means that the embryo contains half of the mother’s components and half of the father’s components, so the mother’s body will not reject the mother’s components itself, but it will have a natural rejection of the father’s components, so the mother’s immune rejection of the embryo exists in the same kind of semi-allogeneic. Why do normal people have no problem? That is because the body naturally forms a protective antibody, that is, the closed antibody, if the closed antibody is enough, it will enable the mother to achieve a natural protective effect of the embryo, but for various reasons, resulting in too low closed antibody, this situation will make the embryo’s father antigen exposed, will make the mother to the embryo rejection, will lead to spontaneous abortion.
9, other factors: generally speaking, most patients with spontaneous abortion can find some of the above-mentioned reasons. However, there are a very small number of spontaneous abortion patients who are currently considered to have unexplained spontaneous abortion. But the majority of patients encountered in the clinic can find the causes and do some targeted treatment to prevent spontaneous abortion from happening again.
What are the precursors of spontaneous abortion?
The common signs are vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. However, some patients do not have any signs and do not know that the baby has stopped until they go for a maternity checkup and find that the fetal heartbeat is not detected.
What should I do if I have an aura of spontaneous miscarriage?
Once the first signs of spontaneous miscarriage appear, you should go to the hospital immediately for blood tests, ultrasound and other tests to determine what state you are in. You must not lie at home at this time! Many people will think that they may be too tired and think that they will be fine if they rest at home. Of course, there is a very small number of possibilities caused by exertion, but more than 90% of the possibilities are not the case, which need to go to the hospital immediately by the doctor to make a comprehensive judgment, in order to take targeted measures to protect the fetus.
We remind everyone that once this symptom occurs, do not carry it at home, but must come to the hospital immediately.
How to prevent the occurrence of spontaneous abortion?
First of all, it is necessary to do a good pre-conception examination. Secondly, avoid high-risk factors that can easily lead to miscarriage. Such as consanguineous marriage, toxoplasma infection, malnutrition, traumatic stimulation, excessive smoking, alcoholism, drugs, caffeine and other bad habits, heavy metal environment, etc.
How long after a spontaneous abortion can I get pregnant again?
After a spontaneous abortion, it is generally recommended to wait for more than 6 months before getting pregnant again. However, it should be noted that after a month of rest, the couple should go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination in the second month, such as genetic factors, infectious factors, anatomical factors of reproductive organs, immune factors, etc. After the comprehensive examination, we should find out the cause and then carry out targeted treatment.
From the point of view of pregnancy alone, the time between the last miscarriage and the next pregnancy is generally six months, and it is not recommended to be too close, because the recovery time for the intermediate treatment is too late, and it is likely that miscarriage will occur again.
Different problems exist that require different treatment times, for example, endocrine factors may require treatment for one to three months or even longer; genetic factors are untreatable and require genetic counseling; bad habits, alcoholism, smoking, etc. require time to quit; there are also immune factors that require one to six months for the treatment of closed antibodies; if the uterus is deformed a hysteroscopy has to be done to correct the deformity, all of which take time. Many patients have spontaneous miscarriage due to multiple factors, so the matter has to be handled separately according to the medical perspective of light, heavy, slow and urgent.
What are the treatments for spontaneous abortion?
The treatment of spontaneous miscarriage is basically chosen according to its cause.
1, anatomical factors abnormal: such as uterine malformations, such as longitudinal uterus, bicornuate uterus, uterine fibroids, submucosal fibroids these intrauterine causes to be resolved by hysteroscopy. There are also abortions caused by cervical reasons such as severe cervical laceration and relaxation of the inner cervical opening, which can be done by cervical cerclage, etc.
Endocrine abnormalities: There are many kinds of endocrine abnormalities, such as thyroid and diabetes, which need the assistance of endocrinology to treat, and luteinizing insufficiency, high lactogen, high androgen, etc. are treated by taking medicine in obstetrics and gynecology.
3, immune factors: like closed antibody and other immune factors caused by miscarriage, can use a combination of Chinese and Western medicine to treat.
How to prevent another miscarriage?
Be sure to go to the hospital to do a comprehensive examination to find out where the problem lies, after targeted treatment, under safe conditions before pregnancy, for safe birth control.
Doctor’s advice.
The most important thing that the patient has to do throughout the treatment process is still to follow the doctor’s arrangement. Spontaneous miscarriage is preventable and treatable. Once a spontaneous miscarriage occurs, even if it is the first child, you need to go to the hospital immediately for examination and find out the cause for treatment in order to carry the next child with peace of mind!