Currently, there are three common treatments for coronary artery disease: medication, interventional therapy and bypass surgery. Interventional treatment is often referred to as stenting, which does not require an open chest and can be done by puncturing the femoral artery from the thigh. A catheter with a balloon is inserted into the vessel through the femoral or radial artery puncture, and a guiding catheter and wire are used to deliver the balloon to the appropriate location of the stenotic lesion in the coronary artery, then the pressure inside the balloon is increased to dilate and compress the atherosclerotic plaque in the arterial wall. After pre-dilatation by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a metal stent is delivered to the lesion, and after precise positioning, the stent is released with appropriate pressure, so that the metal stent is supported in the narrowed lesion in the coronary artery, causing the narrowed or collapsed vessel to expand outward and achieving the purpose of revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting (coronary artery bypass grafting) For many severe coronary artery lesions where interventional treatment is not effective or even impossible, coronary artery bypass grafting, commonly known as heart bypass surgery, is required. Coronary artery stenosis in coronary heart disease is mostly segmental and mainly located in the near-middle section of the coronary artery, while most of the distant vessels are normal. This “bridge” allows blood to be transported to the ischemic part of the myocardium, just as a bridge allows a highway to pass unimpeded across a mountain gorge or river. These vessels can be the saphenous vein, the internal mammary artery, the right gastroretinal artery, the radial artery, the inferior abdominal wall artery, etc. The more common ones are the saphenous vein, the internal mammary artery and the radial artery.