Adequate sleep, balanced diet and proper exercise are three internationally recognized health standards. One third of a person’s life is spent in sleep, and sleep, as a necessary process for life, is an indispensable component of health. In order to raise awareness of the importance of sleep and the quality of sleep in the world, the Global Sleep and Health Program, organized by the International Mental Health Organization, launched a global campaign in 2001 to designate March 21, the first day of spring, as “World Sleep Day” every year. World Sleep Day was officially introduced to China by the China Sleep Research Association in 2003. The Chinese theme of this year’s World Sleep Day is “Healthy Sleep, Safe Travel”, in order to draw the attention of the whole society to the importance of healthy sleep, ensuring traffic safety and production safety. In recent years, China’s primary and secondary school students have continued to reduce their sleep time due to the heavy burden of school work. According to the “Ten-Year Study on the Development of Chinese Children and Adolescents” released by the China Youth Research Center in 2011, the average sleep of primary and secondary school students in China was 7 hours and 37 minutes on study days in 2010, an hour and 22 minutes less than in 2005, and nearly 80% of primary and secondary school students did not get enough sleep; more than 70% of primary and secondary school students also did not get enough sleep on weekends. The sleep problem of primary and secondary school students is related to their healthy growth and affects their physical and mental development. On the occasion of this year’s World Sleep Day, Professor Lu Lin, President of the Sixth Hospital of Peking University, was interviewed by Shan Xin, a reporter of China Student Health News, on the sleep health of primary and secondary school students. [Reporter]: What is the standard of healthy sleep? [Lu Lin]: Sleep, like water, food and air, is a basic human need. The amount of sleep required by human beings varies at all ages, with the most for infants and the least for the elderly, and the normal sleep time for adults is about 7.5-8 hours per day, while the sleep time for adolescents should be at least 9 hours per day. However, since everyone’s sleep needs are different, it is difficult to use the total length of sleep time as a measure of the quality of sleep. Therefore, as long as you can ensure a certain amount of sleep time every day, and at the same time, you can feel the full recovery of physical strength and energy after waking up, and it does not affect the normal work and life during the day the next day, you do not have to overly pursue whether you have reached the so-called 8 or 9 hours of total sleep time. [Reporter]: What is sleep disorder? [Lu Lin]: Sleep disorders refer to various dysfunctions that manifest themselves during the sleep-wake process, usually manifesting as a decrease in sleep quality. The insomnia we usually discuss is a sleep disorder, and snoring, which has not been taken seriously by the public in the past, is also a type of sleep disorder. Generally speaking, “not being able to sleep” and “not sleeping well” are easily recognized as sleep disorders, but there is also a type of sleep disorder called “sleeping too much”. Comprehensive, where there is a subjective feeling of reduced sleep quality, or reluctance to leave the bed, most of the day in the performance of sleep, while affecting the normal work and life during the day need to pay sufficient attention, because there is a high probability of sleep disorders. [Reporter]: What are the sleep disorders of elementary school students? [Lu Lin]: First of all, around the age of 6-12 years old often need to ensure at least 10 hours of sleep per day, but due to the increasing pressure of schoolwork of primary school students, especially in the upper grades of primary school students, the emergence of this phenomenon makes their sleep time increasingly reduced, along with the increase in pressure from parents and teachers, insomnia in elementary school students also began to gradually increase. At the same time, certain narcolepsy disorders such as episodic sleeping sickness can occur in any age group, mostly starting around the age of 15, and sufferers experience excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden collapse, sleep paralysis and hallucinations before going to sleep. Therefore, parents and teachers should pay more attention once they notice certain signs of sleepiness in their children. There is also a more common sleep disorder, which we call “obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”, or what we used to call “snoring” and “snoring”. Nowadays, the diet structure and the pace of life lead to the increase of obese people year by year, and in elementary school students are also more common. Obesity is a common risk factor for the development of this disease, therefore, once you find that children appear to sleep “snoring”, and the number of more frequent should pay attention to. The last type of sleep disorder, which we call anomalous sleep, includes sleepwalking, sleep whispering, teeth grinding, etc. Although the incidence is low, the majority of them occur in children and adolescents, which requires the attention of parents and attention, once the abnormalities are found, should promptly consult a doctor for medical consultation. [Reporter]: What are the hazards of sleep disorders for elementary school students and what are the causes of these hazards? [Lu Lin]: As we mentioned above, there are several common sleep disorders among elementary school students, each of which has different causes, some are due to genetic factors, i.e., the individual is susceptible to diseases, such as episodic sleeping sickness; some are due to congenital anatomical defects or unhealthy lifestyle, such as enlarged tonsils or obesity caused by ” Some are due to the wrong signals from certain areas of our brain, causing sleep states to occur in the waking state, such as sleepwalking and sleep-talking in heteronormative sleep; others are due to increased mental stress and long-term disturbances in the sleep structure that cause insomnia to occur. For the above-mentioned types of sleep disorders, no matter which one, there is no doubt that it will cause disturbance to normal life. The decrease in the quality of sleep at night will inevitably lead to difficulty in concentrating in class the next day, which in the long run will lead to a decline in academic performance and cause a greater psychological burden on elementary school students, and once the mental stress increases, it will inevitably cause the continued recurrence of sleep disorders, resulting in a vicious circle. In addition, certain sleeping disorders can directly affect the state of learning during the day, resulting in a decline in academic performance. If you can’t get the understanding and help from parents and teachers, it is easy to form more serious and difficult to treat consequences. [Reporter]: How to have a healthy sleep? [Lu Lin]: Again, this varies from person to person, because everyone has different sleep abilities and needs. However, there are several common methods and approaches worth trying: First, to ensure a comfortable sleep environment, especially for people who are sensitive to the sleep environment, such as adjusting the bedroom temperature, humidity, noise conditions, air conditions, etc., to ensure that the light is dull, the bedding is clean and comfortable, away from the interference of noise is an important prerequisite to ensure good sleep quality; Second, to ensure the regularity of life, such as getting up on time, to stop lazy bed. For example, wake up on time, eliminate the habit of lazy bed, try not to nap during the day; do not touch alcohol, coffee, strong tea, etc., before going to bed, and do not eat too much and can not be hungry, so that their whole body and mind can do a more relaxed state will be more conducive to sleep; Third, it is best to adhere to exercise every day, strengthen physical exercise, such as jogging and walking, these are effective ways to make yourself relaxed. But do not do strenuous exercise before going to bed, so as not to make yourself excited and difficult to fall asleep quickly. In short, we should pay attention to and pay attention to some common sleep disorders, combined with their own rhythm and routine to make appropriate adjustments, learn to manage sleep scientifically, so as to stay away from sleep disorders, sleep out of health.