Ventriculoscopy is an emerging technology characterized by minimal invasiveness that emerged in the late last century. Its application can deal with deep intracranial lesions (especially intracerebroventricular lesions) with minimal trauma, or assist microscopic neurosurgery to deal with dead ends of lesions that are difficult to be found by microscope, improve the quality of surgery, shorten the hospitalization time, and greatly reduce medical costs. For patients with intracerebral and intraventricular cysts and cysticercosis, most of the lesions are removed by drilling only in the ventriculoscope, eliminating the damage and pain of craniotomy; for some tumors of the skull base, such as cholesteatoma, the scope of craniotomy can be reduced with the assistance of ventriculoscopy, and the tumor can be completely removed with the least possible damage to brain tissue, especially the dead space of lesions that were difficult to be removed by conventional surgery in the past can be well removed; for the vast majority of pituitary tumor In most patients with pituitary tumors, the tumor can be removed under direct view of the ventriculoscope through a single nostril with little damage to the normal structures of the nose. Some patients can be discharged from the hospital in 3-5 days after surgery. Due to the application of ventriculoscopy, the previous understanding, diagnosis and treatment of some neurosurgical diseases have changed greatly from a conceptual point of view. Ventriculoscopy for hyaline septal cysts is a typical example. The following is a typical case: The patient was a 13-year-old male with major symptoms: headache, epilepsy, psychiatric symptoms, etc. CT examination showed a hyaline septal cyst. Other treatments were ineffective, and after discussion, ventriculoscopic surgery was given. the treatment films are as follows: one month after treatment the patient’s symptoms improved significantly. All the symptoms of the case with headache symptoms before surgery were relieved. Cases with epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms were significantly better (oral antiepileptic drugs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. The patient had 3-4 seizure symptoms a week before surgery and none of them within the current postoperative follow-up). Therefore, patients with symptomatic hyaline septal cysts should be operated actively, and ventriculoscopic hyaline septal windowing is a good treatment method due to its reliable efficacy, small injury, few complications, and simple operation, and it is worth promoting its application.