Myopia in adolescents is mainly due to both genetic and environmental reasons. High myopia mostly belongs to autosomal recessive inheritance, while general myopia belongs to multi-factorial inheritance, both of which are influenced by environmental factors. At present, due to the increase of schoolwork burden of teenagers, they are in a close study and working condition for a long time, and with the popularity of TV and computer, watching TV and surfing the Internet can cause over-adjustment of teenagers’ eye muscles, resulting in the length of the eye axis exceeding the normal range, and the parallel light rays are focused in front of the retina after passing through the refractive system of the eye, thus forming myopia. In a broader sense, closer visual space, atmospheric pollution, micronutrient deficiency, and nutrient imbalance can all lead to myopia.