The methods of open surgery for lumbar disc herniation can be divided into two categories: the first is simple nucleus pulposus removal and decompression; the second is posterior lumbar decompression and fusion internal fixation. At present, with the improvement of minimally invasive technology, the number of open disc nucleus pulposus removal procedures is decreasing, but open surgery is still used to remove the nucleus pulposus in some cases of huge and severe ossification with very narrow gaps. The two common methods of open fusion surgery are PLIF and TLIF, PLIF is the removal of the nucleus pulposus from the disc through the posterior approach followed by decompression implant fusion and internal fixation, TLIF is the simple removal of the disc through the posterior foramen followed by decompression implant fusion and internal fixation.