What are the treatment options for metatarsal fractures?

  Metatarsal fractures are common fractures, mostly caused by heavy blows to the dorsum of the foot, rolling and inversion sprains of the foot. After injury, the foot is painful, swollen, bruised under the skin, shortened and deformed, and unable to walk. Examination may reveal limited pressure pain at the fracture site, with longitudinal buckling pain.  The metatarsal bone is composed of five long bones. Most metatarsal fractures are caused by direct violence. Clinically, there are metatarsal stem fractures, basal fractures of the 5th metatarsal, and fatigue fractures of the metatarsal neck. Metatarsal fractures are common fractures, mostly caused by heavy blows to the dorsum of the foot, crushing and inversion sprains of the foot. The fractures can be classified as transverse, oblique and comminuted. Because the metatarsal bones support each other, the fracture segment displacement is mostly not obvious, in case of metatarsal neck fracture, once there is displacement, it is tilted to one side. After the fracture, the dorsum of the foot is obviously swollen, with subcutaneous petechial hemorrhagic spots, limited pressure pain and bone rubbing sound, etc. Metatarsal fracture Among the 5 metatarsals of the foot, the 1st metatarsal is the thickest and has less chance of fracture, the 2nd-4th metatarsals have the greatest chance of fracture, and the base of the 5th metatarsal is often fractured due to violent contraction of the short fibular muscle because it is cancellous bone, and it has been seen clinically that the base of the 5th metatarsal is fractured due to careless descending of stairs. In most cases, metatarsal fractures are caused by direct violence, such as heavy blows, wheel crushing, etc. In a few cases, fatigue fractures occur in the 2nd or 3rd metatarsal trunk due to long-term chronic injuries (such as long-distance running, marching).  1.Diagnostic examination After the injury, the foot is painful, swollen, subcutaneous bruising, shortened deformity of the foot, unable to walk, and the examination can reveal limited pressure pain at the fracture, with longitudinal buckling pain, and the frontal, lateral and oblique X-ray of the forefoot can accurately determine the site, type and displacement of the fracture.  2.Treatment plan The fracture of the base of the 2nd-4th metatarsal is often displaced downward and backward, and can lead to impaired blood circulation in the forefoot. After the injury, the fracture should be urgently repositioned by manipulation and external fixation by plaster. A simple fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal can be fixed with a bandage or cast for 4-6 weeks after functional exercise in the valgus position.  A single metatarsal tuberosity fracture without displacement does not require special treatment, and can be moved to the ground after 3-4 weeks of rest. Multiple metatarsal tuberosity fractures with displacement are repositioned by manipulation, and if unsuccessful, they are repositioned by incision and fixed with an intramedullary pin through the underside of the metatarsal head for 4-6 weeks.  Displaced cervical fractures are first tried to be repositioned manually, and then fixed with a plaster rest after success, and before the plaster is hardened, it should be carefully plasticized in order to fix the fracture end well. If the manual repositioning fails, an incision is made and the fracture is fixed internally with crossed steel pins, and the pins can be removed after 4-6 weeks. After the bone is firmly healed, weight-bearing walking is performed.