Since we started performing total cystectomy and different modalities of urinary diversion modalities around 2000, we have treated hundreds of patients effectively. In recent times, some special patients have returned to me and made me feel the importance of close and effective follow-up of my patients. Some of these patients had developed tumors of the new bladder almost ten years after surgery, some had developed new upper urinary tract (renal pelvis) tumors several years after surgery, and some had developed urethral tumors. They all basically have one thing in common, namely a short postoperative follow-up review period, a lack of long-term, regular review, and a lost opportunity for surgical treatment when tumor recurrence is detected. I have always believed that a good surgeon should operate more and better, and over the years I have been trying to practice towards this goal, and rarely come to the website to popularize science and answer patients’ inquiries. However, the emergence of these cases makes me feel that there are many things that surgeons need to take up other than operating. As far as oncology patients are concerned, postoperative follow-up of patients is crucial and a long-term follow-up mechanism should be established. In the United States and Europe, each patient has his or her own medical file, and the hospital has established a database for management, with dedicated staff to help remind patients by phone or letter to follow up in the hospital, thus many problems can be detected at an early stage, which improves the effectiveness of treatment. Of course, the establishment of such a mechanism may be quite difficult in China at present, and requires the joint efforts of both doctors and patients!