I. Genetic factors The characteristics, potential, tendency and limits of children’s growth and development are influenced by genetic factors of both parents, such as skin, hair color, facial features, early and late sexual maturity, etc. are profoundly influenced by racial and family genetic information, and so is height. I would like to remind parents that there is a misconception in daily life that if parents are tall, their children must be tall. This statement is inaccurate. Although height and heredity are closely related, heredity gives only a range of height, with a deviation of 10 cm above and below. If the child’s height is close to the upper limit of genetics, the child’s height is more ideal; if close to the lower limit of genetics, the child’s height is on the short side. Nutritional factors Any factors that can cause malnutrition in the fetus can affect the physical and neurological development of the fetus, especially during the critical stage of neurological development in the 10th to 18th week of pregnancy. The protein-calorie deficiency of postnatal children not only affects the growth of weight and height, but also has a negative impact on the development of intelligence. Adequate and reasonable nutrients allow the best use of growth potential. Normal growth requires protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and trace elements such as zinc and iodine. Protein is the basic material that makes up the human body, animal food such as eggs, meat, fish, dairy contains a complete range of essential amino acids, high nutritional value, should eat more; soy and soy protein is also high-quality protein, let children often eat. Calcium and phosphorus are the main components of the bones, so the diet should take into account the types of calcium and phosphorus. Calcium-rich milk and milk products, beans, shrimp, etc., to develop the habit of drinking milk every day. Endocrine factors Growth and development are mainly regulated by various hormones, among which growth hormone, thyroid hormone and sex hormone are especially important. Endocrine diseases that cause dwarfism account for more than 50% of clinical dwarfism patients, the most common of which is the pituitary gland secretion growth hormone disorder, its deficiency will directly affect the growth and development of children. Thyroxine deficiency not only causes dwarfism, but also impairs brain development. Disease factors Chronic diseases have a great impact on children’s height, such as malnutrition and long-term diarrhea. Acute diseases result in significant weight loss, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and chronic diseases of the heart and kidney have a greater impact on physical development. Congenital heart disease, especially cyanotic type, can affect the physical and intellectual development of children. Five, sleep factors Adequate sleep is also very important for growth. The secretion of growth hormone, which is directly related to height growth in our body, has special characteristics, and its secretion is unbalanced within 24 hours a day. 80% of growth hormone is secreted when people sleep, which is why folklore has the saying of “good sleep and good growth”. The secretion of growth hormone peaks at 45-90 minutes after falling asleep at night (deep sleep), and both secretion peaks are concentrated at night. So adequate sleep helps height growth. Six, exercise factors Exercise is also the most effective way to promote physical development and enhance physical fitness. The growth of long bones determines the height of adolescents. Exercise can significantly stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone, thus promoting the growth of bones. Exercise by itself does not result in genetically predetermined height increases, but exercise can promote the maximization of genetic potential. Some studies report that children who exercise end up at least 2-75px taller as adults than those who do not exercise. In addition, a good living environment and a good state of mind also contribute to height growth.