Because there is no effective means of treating colds, plus it has a tendency to heal itself, so the purpose of cold treatment is: symptomatic treatment, reduce symptoms, shorten the course of the disease, and promote early recovery. First, the treatment of colds: mainly including non-drug treatment and drug treatment. 1, non-pharmacological treatment: in order to play their own resistance, should be more rest at home, keep quiet, ensure adequate sleep, to prevent physical exertion. Nutrition and water supply are also indispensable. When you have a cold, your appetite and ability to digest and absorb are reduced, so you should eat mild and easy-to-digest foods with lots of water such as rice porridge or soup. To replenish electrolytes lost through sweating, you can drink sports drinks to rehydrate. Special attention should also be paid to indoor temperature and humidity. Cold and flu viruses tend to be active when the temperature and humidity are low. Moreover, cold air can irritate the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, leading to inflammation. A heater and humidifier can be used in conjunction to maintain proper room temperature and humidity. If there is no fever, you can generally take a bath. However, in order to avoid overexertion, you should not bathe for a long time, and you should be careful not to catch a cold after bathing. Avoid bathing when you have a fever. When going out, try to avoid crowded places and go home early to rest and make sure you get enough sleep. To prevent secondary bacterial infections, it is also very important to rinse your mouth and wash your hands thoroughly when you get home. Smoking will irritate the mucous membrane of the throat, so it is important to abstain from smoking during a cold. According to clinical experience, the above measures can significantly shorten the duration of the disease, prevent the disease from prolonging and facilitate early recovery. 2, drug treatment: drug treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment, including the following categories: (1) antipyretic: do not rush to use antipyretic after a cold. Fever is the body’s normal defensive response, which can help the body kill invading germs faster. Therefore, if the body temperature of a cold patient does not exceed 39 ℃, there is no need to use antipyretics or take other fever-reducing measures in a hurry. When the body temperature exceeds 39 ℃, should be under the guidance of the doctor to reduce fever. Physical cooling methods, such as cold compresses and alcohol baths, should be preferred. If the physical cooling method fails to bring down the body temperature, antipyretic drugs can be used in combination to lower the temperature. (2) Cold and flu medicines: cold and flu medicines available on the market are generally compound preparations, consisting of the following types of drugs. ① antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid, through the reduction of prostaglandin synthesis to play the role of antipyretic and analgesic. ② vasoconstrictor drugs, such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, to constrict the nasal mucosal blood vessels, relieve nasal congestion. (iii) Anti-cough and expectorant drugs, such as dextromethorphan, inhibit the medullary cough center to suppress cough. Antihistamines, such as chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine, counteract histamine, reduce microvascular dilation and capillary permeability, and relieve symptoms such as runny nose, tearing, sneezing, and throat itching. ⑤ Antiviral drugs, such as amantadine plays an antiviral role. (3) Antiviral drugs Most colds are caused by viral infections and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Therefore, patients with colds do not need to use antibiotics in the early stage of the disease, but should use antiviral drugs for treatment. Commonly used antiviral drugs are as follows: ① Ribavirin aerosol: also known as Xinwei Lin, has the following advantages: can fight against a variety of viruses; can reach the lesion site, after the drug is sprayed into the nasal cavity and pharynx, the active ingredient of the drug can reach the lesion site, which can quickly stop the lesion site of the viral replication; less adverse reactions, cold patients in the use of the drug, the amount of inhalation of the drug is very small, which can be avoided due to a large dose of intravenous drip or oral medication. Adverse effects, cold patients in the use of this drug, inhalation of small amounts of medicine, thus avoiding a large dose of intravenous drip or oral medication caused by a variety of adverse reactions; and carry and use are very convenient. ② Amantadine: 100 mg per time, twice a day, common side effects include mental incoherence, hallucinations, insomnia, anorexia and dysphagia, etc., which will disappear after stopping the drug. VIRUS AZOLE: 100~200mg each time, 3 times a day, effective for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, but in animal experiments there is a fetal malformation, so pregnant women are prohibited. ④Chinese medicines: In China, Chinese medicines have a long history of preventing colds and have remarkable efficacy, and have obvious advantages compared with chemical medicines. Many kinds of Chinese medicines, such as Sjogren, Honeysuckle, Forsythia, Astragalus, Guanzhong, Yin Chen, Chai Hu, Dandelion, Banlangen, Dazhengye, etc., have been proved to have antiviral effects by modern pharmacological research, and the antiviral effect of Chinese medicines is not only against certain kinds of viruses, but also has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect, which is commonly expressed as “generalized killing”. However, Chinese medicine treatment of cold and flu emphasizes the identification of symptoms, distinguishing between cold and heat, and choosing the appropriate medicines, rather than simply choosing antiviral Chinese medicines. Winter and early spring are mostly wind-cold colds, and these colds should be treated with warming medicines with strong sweating power, such as cold and flu clearing heat granules, cold and flu soft capsules, and Zheng Chaihu drinking granules. Spring and early summer are mostly wind-heat colds, and these colds should be treated with cold medicines, such as Yin Qiao Xie Tu Pill, Antelope Cold Tablet, Shuang Huang Lian Oral Liquid, Yin Huang Oral Liquid, and so on. In the summer season and rainy season, there is a lot of heat and humidity, so this kind of cold should be chosen to be warmer in nature, which can not only release the cold, but also remove the humidity and relieve the heat of the dampness of the surface of the drugs, such as summer fever and cold particles, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi soft capsule, Bao Ji Pills, etc. In addition, due to the prolonged stay in the air-conditioned room, there is no need for a cold medicine. In addition, in summer, because of the long time in the air-conditioned room or greedy for cold drinks, the medication should refer to the wind-cold cold category. In the fall, such colds should be accompanied by dryness, and should choose drugs with the effect of promoting the lungs or moistening the dryness, such as Sangju Cold Tablets, Chuanbei Pei Pa Koa Lulu, and so on. (4) cautious use of antibiotics Many children have a cold, parents are eager to ask the doctor to give the child hanging saline, antibiotics, and “the more advanced the better,” individual doctors also believe that “with better than no insurance”. In fact, antibiotics have no effect on viral colds, and a large number of medical studies have also shown that the use of antibiotics can neither shorten the duration of the disease nor prevent the emergence of bacterial complications. Excessive or unnecessary use of antibiotics also tends to produce some toxic side effects on the human body. Only when there is a clear bacterial infection, such as tonsillitis, yellow pus nasal discharge, increased total number of white blood cells and neutrophils in the blood count, or when there are complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia, should the use of antibiotics be considered, and should be guided by a doctor to choose the appropriate antibiotics. Second, be alert to the occurrence of complications General colds can be cured in 7 to 10 days, so there are many people in life, even if they find themselves with the symptoms of a cold, but also think it is a trivial matter, do not care. If it is only a cold, there is no big deal, afraid of colds and other diseases, such as myocarditis, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, etc. These diseases are very harmful to the human body. These diseases are extremely harmful to the human body, and some are even life-threatening. Especially children, their own resistance is poor, more prone to cold complications. 1, tracheitis and bronchitis: the trachea and bronchial tubes belong to the lower respiratory tract, and the nose, pharynx and larynx are connected. Therefore, the pathogenic microorganisms that cause colds can spread directly to the trachea and bronchial tubes, causing tracheitis and bronchitis. At this time, the patient will appear obvious cough and cough sputum. The cough is usually dry, or a small amount of mucus sputum, which later turns into mucopurulent sputum, and the amount of sputum also increases. If the cough is aggravated, occasionally blood may be seen in the sputum due to rupture of small blood vessels. Systemic symptoms are generally not serious, but accompanied by fever, often around 38 ℃. Pneumonia: It is not uncommon for colds to be complicated by pneumonia. It is characterized by high fever, coughing, shortness of breath and severe chest pain. At the same time, it is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as chills, conjunctival congestion, joint pain and so on. 3, otitis media: manifested by high fever, ear pain, even tinnitus, hearing loss and other symptoms. Inflammation of nasal mucosa during cold spreads to the Eustachian tube, making the tube inflamed and swollen, and the air cannot enter the middle ear cavity. The air inside is gradually absorbed to form a negative pressure, causing the blood vessels to ooze fluid. When the nose is blocked, blowing the nose too hard may also force bacteria into the ear canal. 4, sinusitis: If you have pain in the face or around the eyes, or nasal congestion, runny nose, accompanied by headache, fever, mental instability and other symptoms, are to remind you may have acute sinusitis. If not treated in time, it will turn into chronic sinusitis and even cause encephalitis or brain abscess. 5.Glomerulonephritis: it usually occurs after respiratory tract infection or skin septic infection, mostly related to hemolytic streptococcal infection. If you find that the color of urine is like flesh wash, eyelids, lower limbs edema, or at the same time headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, you have to be careful, most likely suffering from glomerulonephritis. If the above symptoms occur, you must go to the regular hospital as soon as possible, first treat the acute symptoms, and then take specific treatment. Otherwise, if the condition is not completely controlled, it is easy to evolve into chronic nephritis. 6, myocarditis: some viral infections can cause myocarditis, the most common is coxsackie virus. The most common is Coxsackie virus. This kind of viral infection tends to present cold symptoms at the beginning, and then it may attack the heart muscle and cause myocarditis. In mild cases, there may be no conscious symptoms, and abnormalities are only detected when the doctor performs a heart auscultation or laboratory tests. Some patients present with symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest tightness and shortness of breath, or pain in the anterior region of the heart. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, and arrhythmia can occur. The condition can change dramatically within hours, triggering heart failure, shock or fainting. If not rescued in time, it can be life-threatening. Third, pay attention to the treatment of concomitant diseases with hypertension, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, prostate hypertrophy, be careful to use preparations containing pseudoephedrine ingredients. Ulcer patients should not use preparations containing aspirin, diclofenac and other ingredients, so as not to cause or aggravate bleeding. Asthma patients should be cautious of aspirin-containing preparations to avoid triggering asthma, phlegm patients should be cautious of containing codeine, dextromethorphan and other cough suppressant preparations, such as the Federal Cough Dew, Tylenol cold tablets, white plus black, day and night BaiShuNing to avoid the inhibition of coughing phlegm. The choice of cold medicine should also be based on the accompanying medication, is the use of bicoumarin anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin patients to avoid the use of cold medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid, because acetylsalicylic acid can be replaced from plasma proteins bicoumarin to increase the concentration of anticoagulant drugs in the blood, inhibit platelet aggregation, prolonging the bleeding time, increasing the tendency to bleed; aminophylline and alkaline medicines can reduce the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid. The use of sedative hypnotic drugs patients if the use of cold medicine containing antihistamines can strengthen the central inhibition, sedative drugs need to reduce the amount. The use of pseudoephedrine-containing combination preparations in patients with prostatic hypertrophy may lead to urinary retention. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine sulfate should be avoided with dextromethorphan-containing cold remedies, as hyperthermia and death have been reported with their combination. Medicines containing an ingredient of a medicine should be contraindicated in patients who are allergic to that ingredient. The following suggestions are given regarding the use of compound anti-cold medicines: choose only 1 kind to avoid repeated use of medicines; special people, special medicines; if the symptoms are not relieved after 3~7d of medication, it is suggested that the patient should go to the hospital for consultation and treatment. In short, not only to understand the patient’s own characteristics, the embodiment of the symptoms, but also to recognize and master the current composition of various types of symptomatic drugs, so as to effectively target different diseases, the use of different medication programs. Fourth, the choice of dosage form The best use of pediatric compliance, fast-acting, easy to separate the drops, syrups, solutions, combinations, flushes and so on. Such as Tylenol, etc. Adults often choose to carry convenient capsules, tablets and so on. When taking capsules and tablets, it should be noted that they should be taken with more water, so as not to cause choking, nausea and other discomforts due to the adhesion of drugs to the esophagus. Some special process preparations, such as slow-release tablets, controlled-release tablets should be swallowed whole, should not be broken to take, so as to affect the efficacy of the drug. Fifth, should master the correct method of medication for patients with colds and flu, no matter what kind of drugs used for treatment, should master the following methods of medication: ① the dose of drugs should not be too large, the course of treatment should not be too long. ② It is best to take the method of local medicine, inhalation aerosol is the best drug therapy for respiratory tract infections. ③ During the period of medication, drink more water in order to make the body faster absorption and excretion of drugs, so as to reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Antipyretics and alkaline drugs, such as baking soda and aminophylline, should not be used together, so as not to reduce the effect of antipyretics. Sixth, how to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of cold and flu medicines for symptomatic relief, the main observation of symptomatic relief, such as headache, fever, general body aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough relief. Adverse reactions to cold and flu medications Many adverse reactions can occur when taking cold and flu medications, especially when combined with a variety of underlying diseases are more likely to occur, patients should carefully read the instructions when purchasing medications and choose the right medication to avoid causing serious adverse reactions. The main adverse reactions are as follows: allergic reactions: rash, angioneurotic edema and allergic asthma. Such as aspirin. Gastrointestinal reactions: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite and even jaundice and gastrointestinal bleeding. Mainly due to antipyretic and analgesic drugs. Cardiovascular reactions: elevated blood pressure, chest tightness, palpitations, induced angina. Mainly due to vasoconstrictor drugs. Such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Mental, nervous system reaction: sleepiness, drowsiness, induced seizures. Mainly due to antihistamines. Such as chlorpheniramine, phenylephrine. Hematologic reactions: granulocytopenia, bleeding tendency. Mainly due to antipyretic and analgesic drugs. Such as aspirin, acetaminophen and so on. Urinary system reaction: hematuria. Such as diclofenac caused. Eight, what should be timely medical treatment of colds and flu is a self-limiting disease, usually about a week will be cured. If the symptoms are not relieved by anti-flu treatment, or other symptoms appear, or the symptoms persist for more than a week, you should consult a doctor in time. (1) Misdiagnosis: The initial stage of the disease is similar to a cold, such as whooping cough, influenza, purulent tonsillitis. (2) Risk group cold: such as wind heart easily lead to rheumatic activity, slow branch easily lead to lower respiratory tract infection complicating expiratory failure. (3) Complications of colds: such as paranasal sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia and so on.