Temporary synovitis of the hip joint in children is a non-specific inflammatory disease that can heal spontaneously, and it was first reported by Lovett and Morse as early as 1892. However, none of them can satisfactorily explain the clinical manifestations as well as the treatment outcome and prognosis of this disease, so its exact etiology is still unclear. However, most scholars have found in their studies that the disease is associated with upper respiratory tract infections, and its self-limiting course and observation of symptoms have led many clinicians to believe that synovitis is caused by viral infections, especially enteroviruses, which generally infect preschool children, the age at which synovitis is common. The typical presentation of this disease is an acute onset of pain of varying degrees in the hip and knee with painful claudication and limited hip motion with abduction and flexion postural deformity. After ruling out other related diseases and confirming the diagnosis, bed rest, avoiding weight bearing, traction treatment, local physiotherapy if available, and medication according to the child’s specific situation.