The main drug for the treatment of neonatal cytomegalovirus infection is ganciclovir, with insignificant short-term side effects and corresponding manifestations with long-term application. Neonatal cytomegalovirus infection is caused by human cytomegalovirus, and the main manifestations are jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, liver function abnormalities, respiratory distress, and interstitial pneumonia. Ganciclovir is the drug of choice for the treatment of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. However, in view of the prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection and the complexity of viral pathogenesis, and the drug can only inhibit viral replication, can not kill the virus. Long-term application can cause drug resistance and long-term toxicity, side effects, mainly granulocytes and thrombocytopenia, liver and renal function damage, gastrointestinal and neurological complications. Drugs have certain side effects, should be combined with the child’s condition and the adverse effects of medication, the use of appropriate therapeutic drugs at the discretion of the specialist.