Since the saliva of rats contains a variety of bacteria and viruses, there is a risk of contracting a variety of diseases after being bitten by a rat, and the time to exclude the risk is mainly related to the incubation period of various diseases. Usually, the risk is not fully eliminated until 4 months after the bite, but there are a small number of infected people who develop more than 4 months. After being bitten by rats, the diseases that may be infected are renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, plague, tetanus, rat bite fever, etc. The incubation period of different diseases is different. 1, renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever: the incubation period is about 4-46 days, while most infected people can show fever, bleeding, back pain, etc. in 7-14 days. 2, plague: the incubation period is generally 1-6 days, most of them are about 2-3 days, while individual cases can also be incubated for 8- The incubation period of tetanus is usually 3-21 days, and most of them come on within 10 days, while the incubation period of newborns is mostly 5-7 days, and they can show symptoms such as involuntary smiling state, closed teeth, corneal arch, convulsions, respiratory failure, etc.; 4. inflammation, joint pain and other manifestations. The above incubation period data is based on the majority of people statistics, does not exclude individual cases. After being bitten by a rat, after routine wound treatment, the bitten person is advised to avoid dressing the wound as much as possible to prevent anaerobic bacteria from multiplying. Oral amoxicillin can be given to prevent infection, and oral tetracycline can be given to those with penicillin allergy to fight infection. Although tetanus rarely occurs after a bite, the need for tetanus toxoid inoculation still needs to be evaluated by a doctor. It is recommended to eat a light diet, eat less stimulating food and drink, pay attention to rest, drink more water to promote body metabolism, improve the body’s immunity, to a certain extent, can prevent the occurrence of disease.