Modern medical research proves that the human eye develops mainly in the early stage of the mother’s pregnancy, i.e. the first 40 days of pregnancy. At this time, the pregnant woman should do a good job of health care, strengthen disease prevention, pay attention to eating foods high in protein and rich in vitamins, increase resistance, and refrain from drinking alcohol, smoking and using drugs at will. If the pregnant woman suffers from rubella, cold and fever, or other viral and bacterial invasion at this time, it will bring a certain degree of adverse effects on the normal development of the fetal eye and cause congenital eye disease. Of course, if both parents are highly myopic, their children have a higher chance of developing myopia than the general population due to genetic reasons, but the situation will improve if care is taken during pregnancy. Medical scientists have discovered in basic research that if animals do not get a clear image on their retina, the eye axis grows, leading to myopia, and call this phenomenon visual deprivation. This research has now begun to go deeper into microstructure and biochemistry, which has important implications for revealing the mechanism of myopia. Clinical investigations have found that people with congenital cataracts, optic nerve atrophy, and ptosis have a marked tendency to myopia. A common feature of these eye diseases is that some damage is done early in the development of the eye, resulting in the growth of the eye axis and causing visual deprivation, which is the cause of congenital myopia. The critical period of visual development is from 1 to 2 years old, when the majority of infants and young children’s eyes are not yet mature, so it is important to pay attention to the protection of children’s eyes at this time, including keeping them away from bright light stimulation, paying attention to vitamin A and calcium supplementation in diet, and cultivating correct posture for vision.