Trigeminal neuralgia, also known as idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, is a transient, recurrent, severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve of unknown origin. It occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, slightly more in women than in men, and more on the right than on the left. The pain is lightning-like, knife-like, burning-like, stubborn, unbearable and severe, from a few seconds to 1-2 minutes each time, most obvious in the cheeks, upper and lower jaws and tongue, with periodic episodes of pain and intervals as normal. The pain is periodic and the intervals between attacks are the same as normal. Talking, washing the face, brushing the teeth or breezing the face, or even walking can lead to severe pain when in paroxysms. Trigeminal neuralgia is easily misdiagnosed as toothache or migraine. Toothache is usually a persistent dull pain, confined to the gum area, and may be aggravated by eating cold or hot food. Migraines are usually characterized by pulsating pain on the lateral side, or both sides may be involved. Typical migraine attacks may be preceded by visual field defects, dark spots, flashes of light and other visual aura symptoms. The treatment of this disease starts with medication, and 70% of patients can be relieved. Commonly used drugs include carbamazepine, phenytoin sodium, high-dose vitamin B12 intramuscular injection and permethrin. If the effect of drug treatment is not good, surgical treatment can be chosen. Currently, the common surgical options are: trigeminal nerve sensory root partial excision, thermal coagulation and trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression. In recent years, trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression has been more popular in recent years, and the decompression can achieve pain relief without cutting the nerve and without sensory loss. The recent efficacy can reach more than 80%, and the efficacy decreases and the recurrence rate is low. Complications include hearing loss or loss, facial hypesthesia, talipes, abduction, and temporary paralysis of the facial nerve.