Benign intracranial hypertension syndrome, also known as pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, is a group of syndromes characterized by increased intracranial pressure of different etiologies. The patient has no positive neurological signs other than increased intracranial pressure, and the cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal, and the disease develops slowly and can resolve on its own. There are many causes of this syndrome, but the exact pathogenesis is unknown. 1, endocrine and metabolic disorders. Endocrine and metabolic disorders lead to imbalance of water and electrical media, water and sodium retention, and increase of blood volume, which causes intracranial hypertension. It is mostly seen in obese patients (possibly adrenocortical or estrogen imbalance), underactive thyroid, pregnancy or postpartum, Addison’s disease, withdrawal of adrenocortical hormones, and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency. 2. Intracranial venous sinus drainage disorders. Such as otitis media complicated by transverse sinus thrombosis, mastoiditis and postpartum secondary venous sinus thrombosis, and primary venous sinus thrombosis. 3.Drug effects. Too much vitamin A can produce increased intracranial pressure. Infants taking tetracycline occasionally have secondary intracranial hypertension. Thiodiphenylamine, nalidixic acid, gentamicin and other drugs can also cause increased intracranial pressure, and discontinuation of drugs can cause intracranial pressure to fall. 4.Other. Such as iron deficiency anemia, poliomyelitis, acute infectious polyneuritis, connective tissue disease, etc. can occasionally cause increased intracranial pressure. Benign intracranial hypertension can occur at any age, but is more common before middle age, and is significantly more common in women than men. Patients have a good appearance and self-perception. Headache is the most dominant and common symptom of benign intracranial hypertension syndrome, moderate to severe in degree, mostly dull, diffuse throughout the head, sometimes erogenous, pronounced in the morning or after exertional coughing, and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Signs only show optic nerve papillary edema and cervical resistance, and in severe cases, there may be symptoms of abducens nerve palsy such as diplopia and limited eye abduction, without other neurological localization signs. Diagnosis The diagnosis of benign intracranial hypertension syndrome must be made with caution. The diagnosis should be made after a detailed and comprehensive clinical examination and exclusion of other causes of intracranial hypertension (tumor, inflammation, hydrocephalus, etc.), and then based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of intracranial hypertension only, normal cytochemical examination of cerebrospinal fluid, and failure to detect localized intracranial lesions by cranial CT or MRI. A period of close observation and follow-up is still needed later. The prognosis of this disease is good, the course of the disease can last for several months, and a few can recur. If the disease is prolonged, the vision can be seriously involved and even blind. Most of them have no sequelae. Treatment is based on eliminating the source of the disease and lowering the intracranial pressure. For those who are overly obese, they should be advised to go on a diet; for venous sinus thrombosis, anticoagulants should be considered; for mastoiditis, surgery should be performed; for those whose cause is unknown, cerebrospinal fluid shunts should be considered; for endocrine hypofunction, replacement therapy should be used. Symptomatic treatment is to reduce intracranial pressure as the main measure, often using mannitol, dexamethasone, etc., can also be combined with acetazolamide to reduce the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid.