LUTS is most commonly associated with several conditions such as stress urinary incontinence, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and neurological disorders and injuries. Several groups of epidemiological surveys have confirmed the occurrence of LUTS in approximately 25% of men ≥50 years of age, usually defined by an International Prostate Symptom Score (1PSS) ≥8. The incidence of LUTS can increase with age. In older men, BOO secondary to BPH or BPE is the most common cause of LUTS. LUTS due to BPH can be divided into storage phase or voiding phase symptoms. according to the International Urogenital Control Association, voiding phase symptoms include slow urine flow, interruption of urine flow, hesitation, straining and end dripping; storage phase symptoms are daytime frequency, increased nocturia, urinary urgency and urinary incontinence. The cause of LUTS due to BPH is not fully understood and is generally thought to be due to obstruction caused by increased smooth muscle tone in the prostate, urethra and bladder neck. However, it is not only obstruction that causes LUTS, as unstable bladder, aging and other concomitant diseases are also important etiologies, especially central nervous system disorders. Because both BPH and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common in older men, ED is associated with age, diabetes, heart disease, and medications, so ED can also be associated with LUTS patients. For example, alpha-adrenoceptor blockers can affect bladder neck and prostate smooth muscle tone, while also having an effect on cavernous smooth muscle tone. Studies have found that voiding symptoms negatively affect patients’ sexuality, and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostate removal has improved sexual function or desire in patients with BPH. As with LUTS, sexual function is an important component of quality of life and should now be evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Several research groups have been evaluating the relationship between LUTS and ED, and this type of research will be further developed.