(Disclaimer: This article is for general science purposes only. To protect patient privacy, the relevant information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: A middle-aged female patient unintentionally discovered a nodule in her right breast 1 week ago, and her nipple was overflowing with red bloody material, so she thought it was breast cancer and then came to the clinic. After surgical excision, the patient’s discomfort disappeared and no new breast lumps were found to appear on follow-up. [Basic information] Female, 50 years old [Disease type] Fibrocystic breast disease of the left breast, low-grade intraductal carcinoma of the right breast [Hospital] The Second Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University [Consultation time] July 2018 [Treatment plan] Surgery (local excision of the left breast + right breast lump) [Treatment cycle] Hospitalization for 7 days, outpatient follow-up every 3 months for the first 2 years [Treatment effect] No breast was found on regular review The patient found a nodule the size of a peanut rice in her right breast when she was bathing at home one week ago, and when she pressed on the nipple, red bloody material came out. During the face-to-face consultation with the patient, it was obvious that she was very anxious and repeatedly asked herself what to do. After a few minutes of reassurance, the patient’s mood calmed down a bit and routine breast palpation was performed. On palpation, the patient’s breasts were found to be symmetrical in size, and a mass of about 1.0×1.0 cm in size could be found in the caudal part of the right breast, with a little bloody fluid overflowing when the right nipple was pressed. Later, a mammogram was performed, and an isolated isodense nodule with a size of about 0.9×1.3 cm was found in the caudal part of the right breast, which was diagnosed as a right breast mass pending investigation. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, she was given a breast MRI, which showed that a cord-like nodule with heterogeneous density was found in the outer lower quadrant of the left breast, and the possibility of benign lesion was considered to be higher; there was a nodule with uniform density in the caudal part of the right breast, and no calcification was seen. According to the examination results, local excision of the left breast + right breast mass was determined, and the operation went smoothly. Postoperative pathological examination diagnosed fibrocystic breast disease in the left breast and low-grade intraductal carcinoma in the right breast. The patient recovered well after the operation and was discharged after 7 days. The patient was asked to review mammography and X-ray every 3 months at the outpatient clinic. The patient started to eat a liquid diet 3 days after surgery and basically resumed normal diet in 7 days. During the first 2 years after discharge, the patient’s mammogram and X-ray were reviewed every 3 months at the outpatient clinic, and no new lumps were found in the breast during this period. In clinical medical terms, this means that the patient’s postoperative disease-free survival (PFS) has exceeded 40 months. The patient is still adhering to outpatient follow-up, and if there is no recurrence 5 years after surgery, the criteria for clinical cure of the tumor will be met. We are glad to see that the patient’s disease was effectively controlled after surgical resection. However, it should be noted that although low-grade intraductal carcinoma of the breast is a very early stage in situ cancer, it has the risk of recurrence or transformation into invasive breast cancer, so patients need to be closely followed up for a long time after discharge from the hospital. Generally speaking, recurrence is most likely to occur within 2 years after surgery, so close monitoring is necessary within 2 years after surgery, and regular postoperative follow-up is recommended to observe the recovery of the disease. In addition, it is also important to pay attention to the diet and try to eat less meat that may contain hormones, such as eel, snapper, chicken containing hormones, etc. Because breast cancer is an estrogen-dependent disease, too much hormone will stimulate the growth of cancer cells, so patients should also avoid for estrogenic drugs such as estradiol valerate and estradiol after discharge. V. Personal insight Low-grade intraductal carcinoma of the breast is a very early stage of in situ cancer with a high surgical cure rate, but unfortunately, such cases are rare in clinical practice. In this case, the patient was lucky to be found in a timely manner. If the diagnosis had been made a few months later, the outcome might have been very different. In addition, regardless of whether the tumor diagnosis is in early or late stage, the prognosis for patients with good compliance is usually better than that for patients with poor compliance. As in this case, better compliance may also be one of the reasons for better outcome.