Urinary tract symptoms include: frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, hematuria, and pus urination. People often think of these symptoms as “inflammation, fire”, like the common “cold”, a minor problem, just drink more water. In fact, diseases of different nature in one organ or region, whether general infection, specific infection or tumor, have the same symptoms and performance. In addition to timely and correct medical treatment, medical practitioners should pay attention to differentiation and not to inertial thinking. The most common type of bladder cancer is uroepithelial cancer, which grows into the bladder cavity and only shows frequent urination and intermittent, painless hematuria. Early urinary tract symptoms are sometimes mild and sometimes severe, and are often mistaken for the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drug treatment. In clinical work, we often see patients who have intermittent hematuria for more than six months and have undergone multiple or even multiple anti-inflammatory drug treatments, as well as patients who have not undergone any treatment, most of whom lose the opportunity for transurethral surgery and have to undergo total cystectomy. According to the statistics of our hospital in the past 8 years, 60% of patients with early bladder cancer can be cured once they receive transurethral resection. Therefore, bladder cancer is not scary, what is scary is not to seek correct medical treatment in time. Renal tuberculosis is generally asymptomatic in the kidney area and only has symptoms in the lower urinary tract. According to statistics, the misdiagnosis of renal tuberculosis for more than six months reaches 50%. All misdiagnosed cases are treated as common infections of the bladder and urethra for many times, and some use as many as a dozen drugs. In some cases, the kidney has been severely damaged after the diagnosis of induced tuberculosis, and has been complicated by tuberculous ureteritis and cystitis, so the only way is to undergo nephrectomy. Once the bladder contracture cannot store urine, bladder enlargement must be performed. In severe cases, genital tuberculosis can also be caused, resulting in infertility. Two to three cases of epididymal tuberculosis are treated surgically each year at the Fourth Hospital. With early diagnosis and timely and effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, kidney preservation and normal urination are entirely possible. The key is to recognize it, and when general anti-infection treatment is ineffective, don’t just blame the efficacy of the medicine, but also think of revising the diagnosis. Many people, especially middle-aged and older women, with frequent urination, urgency, and even incontinence, can be diagnosed with “overactive bladder” after repeated urinalysis tests show no inflammation and extensive antibacterial treatment is ineffective. It is now believed that this condition is related to hormone levels, aging and other factors. The application of selective anticholinergics and non-antimicrobial drugs such as bladder training can cure it, and antibacterial agents can only add to the problem, not only increasing the chances of opportunistic infections, but also causing economic waste and mental burden. In this group of patients, instead of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, hormone replacement should be taken, which requires professional doctors to make decisions. Patients with neurological diseases or injuries of the brain and spinal cord, such as manifesting urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence, are the result of deregulation of the bladder and urethra by the nerves, called neurogenic bladder. It is the domain of neurourinary research and requires urodynamic testing to select specific interventions, such as administering trigger point voiding, abdominal pressure assisted voiding, etc. As the bladder recovers or approaches physiological voiding and urinary storage, even if there is infection in the lower urinary tract, it will naturally subside, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory measures alone are just mending the fold. The first thing you should consider is that you have a prostate enlargement, even if it is temporarily improved by antibacterial treatment, because it is complicated by a urinary tract infection. The only way to get rid of all the symptoms is to shrink the prostate gland, whether by surgery or by taking medication. For patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and the presence of pus urine, but no bacteria in the urine culture, the presence of gonorrhea and mycoplasma infections should be considered. These infections are diseases with specific pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through sexual intercourse, and like tuberculosis inflammation are called specific infections, which should be treated differently from general infections and targeted antibiotics should be selected. It is not difficult to treat with the correct medication, but it is important not to over-treat. Adenocystitis, interstitial cystitis, are two non-infectious inflammatory conditions of the bladder of unknown origin, often with severe lower urinary tract symptoms and associated hematuria. The lesions are sometimes mild, sometimes severe, sometimes good, sometimes bad, and if only antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, the disease will only get worse. Interstitial cystitis in particular may be part of a systemic disease that is difficult to diagnose and is mostly diagnosed by discharge. These two diseases are not uncommon and 5-6 cases are detected each year in the four hospitals, and it is crucial that patients cooperate with their doctors to complete meaningful tests. The impact of neighbors should not be underestimated. For women with lower urinary tract symptoms, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic masses cannot be ignored, and timely gynecological examination is necessary. “Endometriosis” is known as the demon of chronic pelvic pain in women and is not easily diagnosed. Once it occurs in the urinary tract, it often shows lower urinary tract symptoms and it is sometimes difficult to obtain a pathological diagnosis, which can be confirmed by using exclusion diagnosis and diagnostic treatment. The posterior neighboring rectum can also affect the urinary tract, and it is often seen that with the cure of constipation urination follows smoothly, and more often in those who cannot urinate on their own after rectal-anal surgery, with the healing of anorectal trauma, urination returns to normal. All these neighbor problems are equally futile through anti-inflammatory, and pacifying the neighbors is the key. In short, the ability to diagnose a disease early is directly related to whether it can be cured, especially tumors, early treatment often receives good results. The initiative to cure the disease lies with the affected party, treating any symptom or group of symptoms that do not improve with general or conventional treatment, or even recurring, requires prompt medical attention or a change in the way of seeking medical attention. Like infants with repeated pneumonia suggestive of prediabetes, the only way to avoid pneumonia is to cure the prediabetes. The doctor can only help the patient to attack the disease, to distinguish each disease in a comprehensive and dialectical way, even if it is common, do not limit yourself to common diseases, but think of rare diseases and exclude malignant diseases. Curing the disease is the responsibility of both the doctor and the patient, and early recognition and treatment is necessary to obtain satisfactory results.