How to fix the cheekbone after osteotomy reduction?

    The condition of bone healing includes the question of fixation: Is there a maximum contact area between the broken ends of the bone? How well are the contact surfaces aligned? Is the fixation between the contact surfaces stable, strong and reliable?  The rapid development of fixation technology is related to the World War I and II, when many people needed surgical fixation because of war injuries.  Before there was internal fixation, external fixation or traction was used, which was available in our ancient times. For example, the small splint external fixation of Chinese medicine is still used. Nowadays, orthopedics use plaster fixation, traction bed traction, etc. These techniques are still commonly used in clinical practice.  Internal fixation materials, in addition to Koch’s needle, and steel wire, later gradually developed a steel plate, titanium plate, and then gradually a small (mini-) titanium plate, micro (micro-) titanium plate, absorbable small splint.  Small titanium plates and micro titanium plates were mainly used in craniomaxillofacial surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery at the beginning, but now they have become very popular. Steel plates are mainly used in orthopedics because of their large size and high strength, and now they are gradually being replaced by large titanium plates. Steel wire fixation was still commonly used in oral and maxillofacial surgery in China in the 1980s and 1990s, but it is still used, although it cannot be fixed as strongly as the small titanium plates, and is only used in rare cases. At that time, the whole country was not very rich, and many maxillofacial surgeries did not have special tools, so small titanium plates needed special tools for strong internal fixation, and patients were also very poor and could not afford to use small titanium plates (compared with national income, they were very expensive, and most of them were imported). Now, there are domestic manufacturers who produce titanium splints in large quantities, so now it is more popular.  Absorbable materials include sutures (i.e., no need to remove stitches) and splints, etc., which are gradually absorbed over time. Sutures should never be used to fix broken bones, they are as thick as the thread we use to sew clothes and will break when torn. Absorbable splints can be used to fix broken bones that do not require a lot of force (such as the head and neck). Due to the process, only Japanese and American absorbable splints are currently available. It has an absorption period starting at 180 days and ending at 360 days.