Abrasion
[ Very shallow, small area of the wound, available iodine oil, alcohol (red potion) coated with the skin around the wound, with clean disinfection gauze bandaged.
Second disinfection if the wound is not swollen and painful infection, 2 days later can be used alcohol cotton ball (red potion) to disinfect the wound once more.
Performance: bleeding and breakage.
Treatment: Preliminary dressing for very shallow, small area of the wound, available iodine oil, alcohol (red potion) coated with the skin around the wound, with clean disinfection gauze bandage.
Secondary disinfection such as wound without swelling and pain infection, 2 days later, alcohol cotton balls (red salve) can be used to disinfect the wound once again. If there is no iodine or alcohol at home, wash the wound with clean water, then apply antibacterial ointment and then apply a Band-Aid.
Puncture wounds are very easy to ignore due to the small size of the wound, but are the most susceptible to infection. Bacteria and dirt can be brought in when a sharp object is pierced into the body, and then these little things can lurk in the body waiting for an opportunity to make a mess. To avoid infection, the wound should be washed with running water as soon as possible. Never use bottled water that has been opened, as it contains a lot of bacteria.
Reminder.
If the abrasion is too large, the wound is covered with sand and dirt that cannot be washed off by itself, or the location of the injury is important (such as the face), it is advisable to take the baby to the doctor.
For large and deep wounds, especially puncture wounds, parents should promptly take their children to surgery to do local debridement treatment and tetanus injection.
Sprains
[ Elevate the sprain early, use cold compresses, apply pressure and avoid moving the affected area. Do not apply hot compresses to the affected area for 48 hours after the injury. Cold compresses can reduce swelling, while compressing the sprained area with bandages not only protect and fix the injured joint, but also help reduce swelling
Performance.
● Pain and tenderness that increases with movement of the affected part.
● Swelling of the damaged joint, limiting movement.
● Muscle spasm (tightening of the muscles, caused by non-subjective contractions).
● If it spreads to the leg, limping will occur.
● The injury will also develop bruising and swelling after a few days.
Treatment.
Apply cold compresses
Early on, pad the sprain, apply cold compresses and pressure, and avoid movement of the affected area. Do not apply heat to the affected area for 48 hours after the injury. Cold compresses can reduce swelling, while the bandage compression sprain site, not only to protect and fix the injured joint, can also help reduce swelling.
Massage generally after 1 to 2 days parents can massage in the affected area to promote accelerated blood circulation, swelling subsided, and physical therapy if possible.
After 12 days of activity, the swelling and pain will begin to decrease, and the affected limb will be able to do some light activities. After the above treatment and the corresponding limb exercise, the general sprained muscles and ligaments can be healed, back to the original state.
Reminder.
Since sprains are often accompanied by fractures and joint dislocations, the child should go to the hospital when the pain is getting worse or there is clear local pressure pain.
Bruises
The most frightening bruise for parents is the large bruise on the child’s head, and we can’t help but worry if this will cause brain damage. In fact, the truth is often not that serious. Experts say that only 5 percent of patients who lose consciousness for five minutes or more due to a head concussion are found to have abnormalities on a CT scan. And of that 5 percent, only 10 percent are serious injuries; the vast majority of the rest are largely curable. Of course, bruising also needs to be taken seriously enough by parents because that is the cosmetic manifestation of bleeding in the subcutaneous tissue. Cold compresses can achieve the effect of analgesia and swelling.
Specific way: cold compress 20 minutes, stop 20 minutes, repeatedly for 2 to 3 hours. Elevating the affected area is also beneficial to reduce swelling, so if the injury is in the leg or foot, you can use a pillow to pad the leg or foot.
Fractures
Open fractures can be fixed with sterile gauze on the affected area. Be careful not to try to straighten the deformed or bent limb, and not to insert the broken bone protruding from the wound back into the wound to avoid infection. A closed fracture broken bone should be fixed on both sides of the damaged part of the limb first.
● Severe pain and limited movement of the child’s affected limb.
● The pressure pain in the affected area is extremely pronounced.
● Swelling of the affected area and discoloration of the skin.
● In joint dislocation and severe fractures, limb deformation occurs.
Treatment.
Open fracture
When the broken bone pierces the skin and the wound bleeds profusely. First stop the bleeding by compressing the wound with a clean cloth, and you can immobilize the affected area with sterile gauze. Be careful not to try to straighten the deformed or bent limb, and not to insert the broken bone protruding outside the wound back into the wound to avoid infection.
Closed fractures
Do not miss the fracture. Many times fractures in young children have no bone rubbing sensation, no paradoxical activity, and even no obvious pain. Early radiographs may not show the fracture shadow. It can be protected by splinting or immobilizing the limb on both sides of the damaged part to prevent further injury, and then rush to the orthopedic department of the hospital.
Rest and recuperation
Once the cast is applied and the baby goes home to rest, pay attention to elevating the affected limb to reduce or avoid swelling of the affected limb. Help the baby to turn over regularly. The diet should include foods with high calcium content. Generally, as long as the bone is reset and fixed well, the baby can recover quickly.
Reminder.
For bleeding at the fracture, you can use compression to stop bleeding or rubber band tube or rubber band to ring the limb to stop bleeding. Relax every 30 minutes or so to avoid affecting blood circulation leading to ischemic necrosis of the limb.
Do not make a smart move or move the limb, straighten the deformed bone, or stuff the broken bone back into the wound.
Within one year of the fracture, you should not forget to go to the hospital for a review to ensure that the broken bone is properly reset and heals well.
Burns
Avoid the possibility of your child being exposed to heat sources
1.Do not serve hot drinks or hotter foods when holding your child, and pay particular attention to this issue when eating out.
2.Do not put hot food or boiling water on the edge of the table to prevent accidentally knocking it over and spilling it on the child.
3, try to keep children away from the kitchen, it is best to lock the kitchen door to prevent children from inadvertently breaking into the kitchen and knocking over hot water bottles and other dangerous items.
Dangerous bathtub
1, the temperature of the electric water heater is set to “warm water”, or about 50 degrees Celsius, if the gas water heater to pay special attention to the water temperature.
2, put the child into the bathtub before, try the water temperature by hand, it is best to test with a thermometer, the water temperature at 37-38 degrees Celsius is most appropriate.
3, do not let the child near the faucet, to avoid children being scalded by hot water.
4. Never let your child stay in the bathtub by himself, not even for a while.
Treatment after scalding
1.Timely rinse the burns with cold water, flowing cold water rinse can significantly reduce the depth of burns.
2.Do not use ice to apply cold compresses to the injury to avoid frostbite.
3.Do not apply vegetable oil or other grease on the wound. Not only is it not beneficial to the wound, but it also tends to cause infection.
4.Use moist burn cream to apply to the wound and wrap it with a clean cotton cloth.
5.If it is serious, go to the hospital immediately for treatment.
Bleeding
1.If there is more bleeding or the wound is deep: compress the wound with a sterile bandage or clean clothes. If the wound is on the leg or hand, lift the injured limb so that the wound is above the heart.
2. If there is more than one bleeding should be taken to stop the bleeding by compressing the artery supplying the tissue in the bleeding area. If it is a superficial cut and abrasion – wash the wound with soap and clean water, then apply antibacterial ointment, then apply a Band-Aid or tie a bandage. The pressure of the bandage usually encourages the blood to clot at the wound.
If bleeding is heavy or the wound is deep – apply firm pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage or clean clothing. If the wound is on the leg or hand, lift the injured limb so that the wound is above the heart. After 3-4 minutes of direct compression, check to see if the bleeding has stopped; if it has not, you should continue to compress the wound. Once the bleeding has stopped, gently wash the wound with soap and clean water or a sterile cloth, apply antibacterial ointment to prevent infection and reduce the possibility of scarring, and then dress the wound with a sterile bandage.
If bleeding does not stop – In the case of a lot of bleeding, the method of stopping bleeding by acupressure of the artery, i.e., compression of the artery supplying the tissue in the bleeding area, should be used to stop bleeding. This method is suitable for heavy bleeding from certain parts of the head and extremities.
II: Prevention of tetanus
The vast majority of children in China have already been vaccinated against tetanus with a booster shot at the age of 11-12 years. This makes it relatively safe for a child to receive even one high-risk trauma, such as: being stabbed by wood or by a rusty nail, as long as it is within 5 years of the last vaccination. The doctor needs to pay attention to avoiding wound infection, removing foreign bodies and giving another injection for tetanus prevention when dealing with it.
Three: daily home, first aid items are prepared
First aid items such as: sterile gauze pads, bandages and triangular towels, medical tape, band-aids, sterile cotton balls or swabs, antibiotic ointment, scissors and tweezers, iodine and 75% alcohol, 2% red mercury (red drops), and small splints.
Pet bites
The wound should be cleaned promptly. First, rinse the wound repeatedly with plenty of soapy water, and if the wound is deep find a way to irrigate deep inside (e.g., rinse with a syringe filled with water) to minimize the invasion of the virus. Parents should remember that the earlier the wound is treated, the better the results.
Many families now like to have pets such as kittens and puppies. Children are naturally fond of small animals and love to play with them. Even the most docile cats and dogs have times of irritation, once a child is scratched by cats, dogs and other pets, parents must urgently treat the wound, not only to stop the bleeding, pain, and most importantly, to avoid children infected with rabies virus.
After being bitten by a pet, you should promptly clean the wound. First, repeatedly flush the wound with plenty of soapy water, and if the wound is deep find a way to irrigate deep inside (such as flushing with a syringe injection) to minimize the invasion of the virus. Parents should remember that the earlier the wound is treated, the better the results. Again, do not bandage the wound and leave it exposed as much as possible. After the initial treatment of the wound, parents should immediately take the child to the hospital for treatment and rabies vaccination.
After a child has been bitten or scratched by a pet, parents should not take it lightly because it is only a small wound. Rabies has an extremely high mortality rate and there is almost no cure once it develops. Moreover, rabies has a certain incubation period and may not develop immediately after being bitten, so parents must pay sufficient attention to it. The best prevention is to have children and no pets such as cats and dogs in the house to minimize the possibility of danger.
Recent studies in Fuzhou recommend that all cat and dog scratches with subcutaneous exudation (not bleeding) are subject to early rabies vaccination.
Drowning
The rescuer can place the child’s abdomen on his or her shoulders, carry the child, let the child’s head in front, feet in the back, run fast, by running the trembling, so that the drowning child’s respiratory tract water quickly discharge.
If the child still has a heartbeat and breathing, the mouth should be immediately pried open to remove the mud, rotten grass, vomit, etc. from the mouth and nose, and the child’s tongue should be pulled out to keep the airway open.
If the child’s breathing and heartbeat stop, artificial respiration and chest cardiac compressions should be performed immediately. Once the drowning occurs, it should be rescued every second, and attention must be paid to on-site resuscitation or transfer while resuscitating, and never focus only on sending to the hospital without on-site first aid, thus missing the critical time for resuscitation.
The methods of resuscitation are.
1, quickly pour out the water after the child rescued from the water, should be immediately dumped out of the body, especially the water in the respiratory tract, the rescuer can place the child’s abdomen on their shoulders, carrying the child, so that the child’s head in front, feet in the back, fast running, by running the trembling, so that the water in the respiratory tract of drowning children quickly discharged. At the same time, the rescuer can hold up the child’s hands while running and shaking the child’s hands to promote the outflow of water from the respiratory tract on the one hand and play the role of artificial respiration on the other.
2, ventilate the airway if the child still has a heartbeat breathing, should immediately pry open the mouth, remove the mud, rotten grass, vomit, etc., the child’s tongue pulled out to keep the airway open, and can be used to pinch the child’s human center point.
3, artificial respiration, restore heartbeat if the child’s breathing, heartbeat stopped, should immediately mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest cardiac compressions, if there are two people on the scene, one person heart compressions, the other mouth-to-mouth breathing; the child’s head fully back, pinch the nose, mouth-to-mouth breathing 15 times, followed by heart compressions 2 times, blowing and heart compressions alternately. If the scene is only one person, the rescuer can first blow two breaths, and then do 8 heart compressions, repeatedly, can also receive better results.
4, rush to the hospital to continue to rescue the child after the above treatment, breathing and heartbeat recovery, do not think everything is fine, because there will be lung, heart and brain complications, must quickly escort the child to the nearest hospital to continue rescue treatment.
Choking on milk
Wrap a handkerchief around your finger and stick it in your mouth, or even throat, to quickly clean out the spit-up and overflowing milk food to keep the airway smooth, then use a small cotton swab to clean out the nostrils.
If the baby is holding his breath and not breathing or his face turns dark, it means that the vomit may have entered the trachea. Make him lie prone on the adult’s knee or bed and pat his back four or five times so that he can cough it out.
The opening of the esophagus is connected to the opening of the trachea in the throat. The most fearful thing about spitting up is that when the milk flows backwards from the esophagus to the throat, it accidentally enters the trachea during the moment of inhalation, which is called choking. If the amount is large, the trachea will be blocked and you will not be able to breathe, which is life-threatening; if the amount is small, it will be inhaled directly into the deep lungs and cause aspiration pneumonia.
In the case of minor spillage or vomiting, the baby will adjust his breathing and swallowing movements by himself and will not inhale into the trachea, so just closely observe the baby’s breathing condition and skin color. If there is a large amount of vomiting, it can be treated as follows.
1. When vomiting occurs while lying down, quickly turn the baby’s face to the side so that the vomit does not flow backward into the throat and trachea.
2. Wrap a handkerchief around your finger and stick it in your mouth or even throat to quickly clean out the vomited and spilled milk and food to keep the airway smooth, and then use a small cotton swab to clean out the nostrils.
3. If the baby is holding his breath and not breathing or his face is dark, it means that the vomit may have entered the trachea, so make him lie prone on the adult’s knee or bed and pat his back four or five times to make him cough up.
4. If it is still ineffective, immediately clip or pinch to stimulate the sole of the foot, so that the baby cries due to pain and increase breathing, the most important thing at this time is to let him breathe oxygen into the lungs, rather than wasting time thinking about how to take the foreign body out.
During the above process, the baby should be sent to the hospital for examination at the same time.
If the baby is breathing well after choking, it is best to find a way and let him cry harder in order to observe the oxygen intake and exhalation action when crying and see if there are any abnormalities (such as voice becoming faint, inspiratory difficulties, severe concave chest, etc.), if there is immediately sent to the hospital. If the baby cries loudly, with a full breath and a rosy face, it means that there is no serious injury.
Foreign body in the trachea
It often occurs in children under 7 years old, and is more common in children aged 1 to 2 years old. Due to imperfect development, children at this stage can chew and swallow food freely, but the gag reflex is weak, which means that once a foreign body is choked, it cannot be coughed out through a strong coughing response, resulting in foreign body aspiration into the trachea. At this time the child will have difficulty breathing, the face and lips blue, if not promptly remove the foreign body, a few minutes may die from asphyxiation.
At this time, parents must not panic, the child’s upper body should be immediately leaned forward, so that his head down below the forehead, to prevent further penetration of the foreign body, between the two scapula area beat.
You can also place your hand in the middle of the child’s upper abdomen from the back of the child, cross your hands, and suddenly push upward sharply with force, and press into his chest 5 – 10 times until the foreign body is discharged.
While performing first aid, rush to the hospital.
Misuse of drugs
If the drug taken by mistake is a general drug with little toxic side effects and the dose is small, let the child drink more cool water to dilute the drug and excrete it from the urine in time. If the dose of the drug is large and toxic, the child should be taken to the hospital for treatment. If you mistakenly take a strong corrosive drug, you should quickly take the appropriate first aid measures. If a strong alkali drug is taken by mistake, vinegar, lemon juice or orange juice should be taken immediately; if a strong acid is taken by mistake, soapy water or raw egg white should be used to protect the stomach mucosa; if iodine is taken by mistake, rice soup, noodle soup and other liquids containing starch should be drunk.
Once a child is found to have taken a drug by mistake, do not panic, or blame or scold the child. The correct way to deal with it is: rapid discharge, reduce absorption, timely detoxification, and symptomatic treatment.
First of all, to early detection of children taking the wrong medicine abnormal behavior, such as children mistakenly take sleeping pills or antihypertensive drugs containing sedatives, children will show listlessness, drowsiness, parents encounter this matter, to immediately check whether the drugs used by adults have been moved by the child.
Secondly, parents should find out as soon as possible what medication the child has taken by mistake, how long the medication has been taken and how many doses have been taken by mistake, so as to grasp the situation in time to help develop a treatment plan for the next step. If the misdose is a general drug and the dose is small, such as ordinary Chinese medicine or vitamins with minimal toxic side effects, the child can drink more cool water to dilute the drug and excrete it from the urine in time.
If you eat a large dose of drugs and toxic, or side effects (such as accidentally taking birth control pills, sleeping pills, etc.), you should be promptly sent to the hospital for treatment, do not delay the time. If the accidentally taken is a more corrosive drugs, in the period of time to send the patient to the hospital, the appropriate first aid measures should be taken by people with common medical knowledge. For example, if a strong alkali drug is taken by mistake, vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, etc. should be taken immediately; if a strong acid is taken by mistake, soapy water and raw egg white should be used to protect the stomach mucosa; if iodine is taken by mistake, etc., starch-containing liquids such as rice soup and noodle soup should be consumed. If the wrong drink is ringworm drops, anti-itch drops, mosquito repellent drops, we should let children drink as much strong tea as possible, because tea contains tannic acid, has a certain precipitation and detoxification effect. It is worth noting that when you are sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, you should take the wrong medicine or medicine bottle with you, so that the doctor can understand the situation and take antidote measures in time.
Heatstroke
1.Move the baby to a ventilated, cool and dry place immediately.
2.Let the baby lie on his back, unbutton the clothes, take off and loosen the clothes or change the baby’s dry clothes in time, and turn on the fan or open the air conditioner in order to dissipate heat as soon as possible, but do not blow the wind directly towards the baby.
3.Use a cool wet towel to put a cold compress on the baby’s head, or give the baby a warm bath.
4.Don’t let your baby eat or drink until he or she is conscious. After he or she is conscious, let him or her drink green bean soup and light salt water to relieve the heat.
Emergency treatment for baby heatstroke
Once you find that your baby has the symptoms of heatstroke, you should not panic, as long as you take appropriate protective measures, your baby’s situation will improve.
1, immediately move the baby to a ventilated, cool, dry place, such as the corridor, under the shade of a tree.
2.Let the baby lie on his back, unbutton his clothes and remove or loosen them. If the baby’s clothes are soaked with sweat, you should change the baby’s dry clothes in time, and turn on the fan or open the air conditioner to dissipate heat as soon as possible, but do not blow the wind directly towards the baby.
3, fast cooling, so that the baby’s body temperature down to below 38 degrees. Specific practices are: use a cool wet towel to cold compress the baby’s head, or give the baby a warm bath.
4, before the baby consciousness do not let it eat or drink water, consciousness can let the baby drink green bean soup, light salt water, etc. to relieve the heat.
The three major misconceptions of baby heatstroke treatment
Myth 1: Drinking too much water
After heatstroke, a large amount of water and salt must be replenished, but excessive drinking hot water will make the baby sweat profusely, causing further loss of water and salt in the body, and in serious cases, it will also cause the phenomenon of seizures. This is more than worth the loss.
The correct approach is: a small number of times to drink water, each time the amount of water to not more than 300 ml is appropriate.
Misconception two: overfeeding
After heatstroke can not let the baby eat greasy fishy food, too much to eat will increase the burden on the digestive system, so that a large amount of blood stagnation in the gastrointestinal, and the blood transported to the brain will be relatively reduced, nutrients can not be fully absorbed.
The correct approach is: you should try to let your baby eat more light and refreshing things to adapt to the summer digestive capacity.
Myth 3: Cold food hurts the body
Some parents find that the baby’s body is thirsty after heatstroke, especially love to eat cold drinks and melons and fruits food, they meet the baby’s requirements, let the baby eat a lot. In fact, this is harmful to the baby’s body, because after heatstroke these two things can not eat more, because the cool food will damage the baby’s spleen and stomach.
The right thing to do is: you can give your baby some fresh juice.
Fall injury
According to the results of studies in various countries around the world, fall injuries rank among the top 3 childhood accidental injuries and have become a serious health problem in childhood, being the main cause of disability and death in children aged 0 to 14. Disability and death caused by children’s fall injuries not only seriously endanger human health and life safety, but also bring a heavy burden to society and families. It is reported that in the United States, about 140 children under 15 years of age die from fall injuries each year, and 3 million children need emergency medical assistance due to fall injuries; fall injuries among children aged 0-4 years are higher than those among children aged 5-15 years, and boys are twice as likely as girls. 1992, the epidemiological survey of accidental injuries among children aged 0-14 years in China showed that the mortality rate of fall injuries among boys is twice that of girls; children aged 2-7 years are The peak period for fall injuries and deaths is between 2 and 7 years old.
Fall injuries are medically classified as accidental injuries, which are injuries caused by gravity, sudden fall or fall of human body, impact on the same or lower level, excluding intentional self-inflicted injuries, being killed and falling into burning buildings, flames or water, running machinery and under transportation vehicles. Current research both at home and abroad has confirmed that fall injuries occur both from external causes and with intrinsic regularity. Therefore, young parents should raise awareness of the dangers of fall injuries in children and take appropriate preventive measures, especially during the holidays.
Boys are at high risk for fall injuries mainly because they are active, have a wide range of activities, are curious and like to try new things.
Studies have shown that the incidence of fall injuries decreases with age, but the mortality rate increases. This is because toddlers tend to fall due to unsteady walking and do not cause major injuries. As children get older, their range of motion expands, and once a fall injury occurs, the danger increases.
Height is a determining factor in the extent of children’s fall injuries. The type and severity of injury caused by fall injuries vary greatly from fall height to fall height.
The type of flooring is closely related to the incidence of children’s fall injuries. A safety survey in the UK showed that the injury rate for children on concrete floors was significantly higher than that on leather and rubber floors, with rubber floors having the lowest injury rate for children.
Fall injuries mainly occur in the family parents’ education, age, family relationships and economic status and other factors are closely related to the occurrence of child injuries.
The incidence of fall injuries among urban preschoolers in China is higher than that in rural areas, which is mainly related to urban living facilities, such as the height of balcony railings, window protection measures, staircase slope, etc. In addition, children are prone to fall injuries when riding bicycles or doing physical activities in playgrounds (e.g., double bar, running, kicking a ball). Children with ADHD who are impulsive, distracted and active, and children with left-handedness are more likely to have fall injuries (because a large number of facilities are designed for right-handed people).
In response to the above risk factors, we can take appropriate measures to prevent fall injuries: 1.
1. Develop appropriate regulations for children’s fall injuries.
2. Promote the implementation of child safety facilities through various channels to raise awareness of the hazards of fall injuries to children.
3. More leather floors or rubber floors should be laid in public playgrounds.
4. Buildings should meet safety standards, home windows should be installed with window bars, the height and slope of stairs should be suitable for children’s growth and development, and non-slip tiles should be laid in restrooms.
5. Children should play sports under the guidance of teachers or parents and wear appropriate protective equipment.
Teach children not to stand alone on tables, chairs and other high places. Children with accident tendencies should be given special medical and social education.
7. Check the area around the house for drains, sewers and other hazards, and take effective protective measures. Remove obstacles such as wires and ropes on the ground.
Children are the hope of families and our future. It is our sincere wish to create a safe space for children to grow up and help them stay out of harm’s way, so that they can grow up in joy and happiness. The above content is selected from the Internet and slightly modified. If there is anything wrong, we hope to discuss it together.