When it comes to rare diseases, most people’s first reaction is fear, because some rare diseases not only pose a serious threat to the patient’s health, but also lead to restrictions on normal life, and most importantly, no feasible treatment strategy has been studied in medicine so far. Smoky disease is one of the more serious rare diseases nowadays, and as experts gradually deepen their understanding, the treatment methods are increasingly improved, and the following is a detailed introduction of this disease. Smoker’s disease is simply a chronic progressive narrowing of the main arteries of the brain, which leads to the formation of an abnormal vascular network at the base of the skull. The disease can manifest as unilateral occlusion or bilateral occlusion. The features vary depending on the site of occlusion. In bilateral smoker’s disease, both cerebral vessels are affected, with occlusion of the main artery stenosis and formation of an abnormal vascular network at the base of the skull, whereas in unilateral smoker’s disease, only one side has the corresponding lesion and the corresponding symptoms involve only one side. In terms of treatment, both usually require surgical intervention. The difference is that unilateral smog usually requires only one surgery to recover, while bilateral smog requires two surgeries, with an interval of about three months. In addition, post-operative recovery results vary greatly from one smog procedure to another. The common direct bypass surgery and patching surgery, after long-term clinical practice, are still found to have some shortcomings, such as the limited scope of direct bypass to improve the brain blood supply, and the patching surgery before the new blood vessel grows out, brain infarction and brain hemorrhage may still occur. Combined bypass is different, as it combines both direct bypass and patching in one procedure, ensuring better postoperative results. Combined vascular bypass has been widely used in clinical practice and has achieved remarkable results, becoming an advanced and effective procedure for the treatment of smog, especially for the treatment of bilateral smog.