Deafness is a lesion of the auditory nerve and centers at all levels of the auditory system in the sound transmission, sound perception and its auditory conduction pathways, causing hearing dysfunction and producing different degrees of hearing loss. Tinnitus is the result of different pathological changes of many diseases involving the auditory system, with complex etiology and unclear mechanism, mainly manifested as the subjective sensation of sound in the ear or skull without corresponding external sound source or electrical stimulation. Sensorineural deafness can be treated with different drugs according to different causes and different stages of pathological changes, such as drugs to enhance neurotrophy and improve cochlear microcirculation, various vasodilators, and biological products to promote metabolism. In addition, tympanoplasty is effective in improving the hearing of conductive deafness. Cochlear implantation is indicated for patients with severe to profound sensorineural deafness. Tinnitus can be treated with vasodilators, calcium antagonists, tinnitus suppressants, tinnitus-alleviating drugs and neurotrophic drugs. Tinnitus therapy devices, tinnitus masking devices, or hearing aids can also be applied for treatment. Cochlear implantation is also an option for patients with severe and profound deafness with tinnitus. Tinnitus retraining is also indicated for patients with long-term, severe tinnitus. Of course traditional Chinese medicine treatment can also be helpful for tinnitus. Deafness and tinnitus are the more common ear diseases that can affect the quality of human life and should be treated as early as possible.