In recent years, the H. pylori (Hp) test has been added to the medical checkup packages of many medical institutions, including blood tests for H. pylori antibodies and C13 or C14 urease breath tests, which are designed to detect the presence of H. pylori in the body of the examinee. Since the blood test is for antibodies to H. pylori, a positive result only indicates that there has been a H. pylori infection, not whether there is a current infection, so the breath test is more meaningful for a current infection. When the results are available, some people are sad and some are worried. Those who are negative are glad to be lucky, while those who are positive are very nervous and seem to be in danger. In fact, H. pylori infection is not so terrible! And not all people infected with H. pylori must be treated! According to clinical epidemiological survey, Hp infection is distributed worldwide, with a wide range of infection and a high rate of infection, and its incidence ranks second only to dental caries (i.e. worm teeth). China’s general population of H. pylori infection rate is as high as 50%-80%, belonging to the highly infected countries. However, the vast majority of people have been clinically asymptomatic despite carrying Hp in their stomachs for life, which is called the carrier state or carriers of Hp. Among these so-called “carriers”, only about 1/3 of them need to be treated. Otherwise, over-treatment can have other negative consequences. Such as resistance to antibiotics, dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, and even drug-related liver damage and kidney damage due to the long-term application of a large number of drugs. It should be noted that although most H. pylori carriers do not require treatment, there are four types of infections that need to be treated as soon as possible: first, patients with peptic ulcers (including gastric and duodenal ulcers); second, patients with chronic gastritis with mucosal atrophy or erosion; third, patients with gastric cancer or a family history of gastric cancer, where H. pylori may increase the risk of gastric cancer; and fourth, patients with MALT lymphoma. These four types of patients must have Hp eradication treatment. The treatment process of H. pylori is not complicated and only requires medication. Generally, 3-4 drugs are chosen and taken for 10 to 14 days. The C13 breath test can be repeated after 1 month of drug withdrawal.