Negative urine leukocytes indicate that there is no inflammation of the urinary system, microscopic hematuria can be caused by physiological factors and pathological factors. 1. Physiological factors: women’s menstrual period mixed with menstrual blood, or usually small amount of exercise or basically do not exercise people, suddenly do strenuous exercise or increase the amount of exercise, will lead to microscopic hematuria. After a good rest, female patients need to avoid the menstrual period, can be reviewed. 2. Pathologic factors: (1) Tumor: urological tumors such as renal pelvis tumor, uterine, rectal tumors, etc., when the tumor invades the urinary tract, submicroscopic hematuria will also occur. According to the patient’s condition, surgery or radiotherapy is usually performed. (2) Congenital anomalies: For example, congenital vascular anomalies cause compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in microscopic hematuria, which is also known as the nutcracker phenomenon. Surgical treatment is usually taken. (3) Glomerulonephritis: all types of acute kidney injury, all types of chronic glomerulonephritis can show microscopic hematuria. At this time, it is necessary to actively treat the renal primary disease to avoid the progression of the disease. A single abnormal test result can not be used as the basis for diagnosis of the disease, other relevant auxiliary tests should be improved, combined with the patient’s symptoms and signs and other comprehensive judgment. It is recommended that patients with microscopic hematuria should seek timely medical attention and standardized treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.