How to freeze

Freezing stiffness is a serious systemic disease caused by hypothermia due to cold environment, mainly neurological and cardiovascular damage. The main clinical manifestations are headache, joint stiffness, abnormal blood pressure, and unresponsiveness. Frozen stiffness not only causes neurological and cardiovascular damage, but in severe cases, secondary infections, cerebral edema, kidney failure, and even life-threatening. Treatment is mainly to restore body temperature by warming and strengthening supportive therapy, etc. Patients should be moved to a warm place quickly, pay attention to careful and gentle placement when moving to avoid collision causing fracture and volvulus, and remove wet and cold clothes. Patients with body temperature of 32-33℃ can be wrapped in blankets or bedding and gradually ambulate on their own. If the body temperature is less than 31 ℃, you can use hot air or 44 ℃ hot water bag to warm the whole body, more positive method, you can immerse the patient in 40-44 ℃ slightly lower temperature water bath to make it slowly ambulatory. Patients in cardiac arrest or with ventricular fibrillation should be immediately subjected to chest compressions, as well as defibrillation. Generally keep in mind the use of epinephrine to avoid ventricular fibrillation, to enhance symptomatic management, to actively correct hypoxia, hemoconcentration, electrolyte disturbances, and to prevent thrombosis, as well as secondary infections, cerebral edema, and renal failure. Usually, the prognosis is generally better for patients with mild cases, but for patients with severe hypothermic frostbite, some functions are difficult to recover, even if the body temperature returns to normal.