After colorectal cancer surgery, the intestinal function is damaged to a certain extent. In the early postoperative period, clinicians provide parenteral nutrition support + oral fluid diet or enteral nutrition preparation orally according to the condition, and in some cases, parenteral nutrition support + oral fluid diet or enteral nutrition preparation orally only after gastrointestinal decompression to anal discharge and defecation, and gradually transition to semi-liquid diet + nutrition preparation supplementation, soft food and general diet, with comprehensive and balanced A comprehensive and balanced nutritional intake is conducive to disease recovery and improves the body’s resistance and immunity.
Early postoperative diet
(according to medical prescription) Parenteral nutrition support + liquid diet or oral enteral nutrition preparation.
1.Meal structure
Liquid diet is an unbalanced diet, which contains unbalanced nutrients and insufficient energy supply. Clinicians will mainly focus on parenteral nutrition in nutrition supply, and gradually transition the diet structure to liquid diet or enteral nutrition preparation to ensure the nutritional needs of the body.
2.Dietary properties
In general, rice soup (not used if combined with diabetes), enteral nutrition preparation (diabetic patients can choose diabetic special enteral nutrition preparation), gradually transition to meat porridge soup (take no dregs soup), pork ribs porridge soup (take no dregs soup), diluted lotus root powder, vegetable juice, etc. can be chosen.
3.Meal requirements Gradually increase the intake, a small number of meals, to avoid causing gastrointestinal dysfunction.
4.Avoid (less) meals
Before the intestinal function is restored after intestinal surgery, gas-producing foods, such as milk, soy milk, cow’s milk, all non-fluid solid foods, foods containing more dietary fiber and foods that are too greasy and thick should not be used.
Mid-term postoperative diet
(according to medical prescription) Semi-liquid diet + oral enteral nutrition preparation supplement
1. The structure of the diet is semi-fluid, between soft food and normal diet, and the energy supply should be appropriate.
2. The dietary properties are semi-fluid, easy to chew and swallow, containing less dietary fiber, and easy to digest and absorb.
3.Meal requirements
Semi-liquid meals contain more water, so the number of meals should be increased and the variety of meals should be paid attention to.
4. Avoid (less) meals At this time, hard and undigestible foods such as rice, steamed dumplings, large pieces of meat, large pieces of vegetables, fried pastry, nuts and fried foods should not be consumed; strong and stimulating condiments should not be used.
Late postoperative diet
(according to medical advice) General diet + oral enteral nutrition supplement
1. The dietary structure should be the same as the normal diet. Energy and various nutrients must be adequately supplied, and the dietary structure should conform to the principle of balanced diet.
The food varieties in the diet should be diversified, coarse and fine, cooked in a reasonable way, with a full range of colors and flavors.
2.Meal distribution requirements The distribution of energy in three meals, breakfast 25%-30%, lunch 40%, dinner 30%-35%. If the intake is insufficient, add meals between three meals or use enteral nutrition preparation to supplement.
3, avoid (less) meals Chili, garlic, mustard, excessively hard food (walnuts, raw peanuts, dried almonds, etc.) food, especially patients with intestinal stoma should pay attention to eat little or no food.
Postoperative diarrhea diet
1.Acute watery diarrhea period
Fasting, resting the intestines, supplementing the body’s nutritional needs through parenteral nutrition, preventing and controlling electrolyte imbalance, and gradually giving fluid (avoiding milk and sweet food), semi-liquid, soft food and general diet after diarrhea is relieved.
2, chronic diarrhea patients
Low-fat diet + oral enteral nutrition preparation should be given, and for those with poor intestinal tolerance, parenteral nutrition should be supplemented if necessary, and fluid (avoid milk and sweet food), semi-liquid, soft food and general diet should be given gradually.
3.Diet to be avoided
Diarrhea patients are forbidden to eat foods with high fat content (milk, fatty meat with high fat content, etc.), fried and thick condiments, nuts (walnuts, raw peanuts, dried almonds, etc.) and high-fiber vegetables (spinach, kimchi, etc.).
4, food should be chosen refined rice, refined noodles, lean pork and other low-fiber, low-fat, lactose-free meals, mainly boiled and steamed.
Post-operative constipation diet
1, the structure of the diet is the same as normal people’s usual diet. Energy and various nutrients must be supplied adequately, and the dietary structure is still based on the principle of balanced diet, with appropriate increase in dietary fiber.
2.Dietary fiber
It can improve the intestinal flora, maintain the ecological balance in the body, and facilitate the synthesis of certain vitamins. It includes soluble dietary fiber (pectin, gum, algal polysaccharides, some hemicellulose), insoluble dietary fiber (cellulose, lignin, some hemicellulose).
Dietary fiber is mainly from plant foods, too much and too little intake of dietary fiber are not healthy, large doses of dietary fiber can cause bloating, generally recommended that the appropriate intake of 25-35g / day, that is, 400-500g of fruits and vegetables per day and the right amount of coarse grains.
Such as cereals, beans bran, bean bark contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; oats and barley contain a large amount of dietary fiber; lemons, citrus, apples, pineapples, bananas and other fruits and cabbage, peas, broad beans and other fruits and vegetables contain more pectin. Others such as fresh lychee, enoki mushrooms, spinach, dried shiitake mushrooms, dried fungus, kelp, etc. also contain more dietary fiber.
3.Different constipation dietary choices
(1) constipation caused by slow intestinal motility
Increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet, replace fine food with rough food, eat more vegetables and fruits with skin, such as oats, barley, cooked rice + brown rice, cabbage, peas, fava beans, golden needle nun, apples with skin, bananas, etc.
(2) Constipation caused by gastrointestinal diseases and prolonged use of laxatives
Should be less slag diet, to be soft, smooth, low-fiber diet, to reduce intestinal stimulation, such as eggs, cakes, buns, tender meat, fish, milk, cream, etc., forbidden to eat vegetables and dietary fiber fruits.
(3) Constipation caused by incomplete or complete intestinal obstruction due to mechanical or paralytic intestinal obstruction or tumor compression of the intestine, mainly due to clinical removal of the cause, incomplete obstruction should be given a liquid diet, and complete intestinal obstruction should be fasted according to medical advice.