Rhinorrhea, also known as epistaxis, is a specific sign caused by a systemic or local disease and is one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology. It can occur throughout the year, but more often in dry climates. It is especially common in children. Nasal bleeding in children is most likely caused by nose-digging, nasal foreign bodies or acute infectious diseases, high fever, blood disorders, etc. Nasal bleeding is usually unilateral, with a small amount of repeated snot with blood in it, and a large amount can gush out from one nostril or from the other nostril and mouth at the same time, and if blood is swallowed, vomiting of blood can occur. If too much appears, shock can occur.
I. Treatment: First of all, under the premise of identifying the bleeding site, take effective measures to stop the nasal bleeding and avoid continued blood loss. Regardless of the cause of nasal bleeding, cold compresses can be applied to the forehead, nose and neck to make the blood vessels contract, which has a certain effect on stopping bleeding. When there is blood in the mouth, try to spit it out, do not swallow it, so as not to stimulate the stomach cause nausea and vomiting.
Local drops of ephedrine astringent hemostasis, found that the nasal cavity has a clear bleeding point, available 50% silver nitrate cauterization or freezing, laser coagulation, which is commonly known as the bleeding point “welded”. If the bleeding is unknown, the nasal cavity can be filled with Vaseline gauze to stop the bleeding, but it must be taken out in 24 hours, such as the filling with iodine gauze can be taken out in 5-7 days, or a hemostatic sponge or airbag can be used.
Systemic application of hemostatic drugs, supplementation of vitamin A and C, such as nasal stuffing plus antibiotics to control infection, such as shock should be rehydrated, expansion of blood volume, anti-shock treatment, etc..
Chinese medicines such as hemostatic granules and Yunnan Baiyao can be taken internally or with local pressure to stop bleeding.
Home care and prevention: For most of the nasal bleeding that occurs in the area below the front of the nasal septum, you can use your thumb and forefinger to pinch both sides of the nose or use sterilized cotton to put drops of medicine (0.5% ephedrine) into the nasal cavity to compress the bleeding, while lowering the head slightly down and forward for up to 10 minutes to stop the bleeding.
In the hot summer and autumn and winter dry climate should eat more fruits and grass, and the room should be kept at a certain humidity. Paraffin oil or erythromycin eye ointment can be applied in the nose.
Third, the diagnosis and treatment of misconceptions: In the nasal bleeding, it is best not to tilt your head or lie on your back, so that the blood in the nose flows backward to the oropharynx, as if nasal bleeding “less” or “no flow”, in fact, the blood flows through the posterior nostril to the oropharynx and swallowed to the stomach, this illusion It is easy to make people lose vigilance and delay treatment, such as the occurrence of shock can be life-threatening.