I. Definition Rhinorrhea, medically called epistaxis, usually refers to nasal bleeding caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the nasal cavity, sinuses or nasopharynx, which occurs at various ages, different times and seasons, and is a very common symptom.
Second, the etiology: 1, trauma 2, nasal lesions: rhinitis, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, hemangioma, nasal tumor, etc.
3, systemic diseases: cardiovascular diseases: (such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary heart disease, etc.), blood diseases (such as leukemia, thrombocytopenia, etc.), vitamin deficiency (such as vitamin C, vitamin K deficiency, etc.), acute infectious diseases (such as influenza, hemorrhagic fever, measles, etc.), other diseases: (such as cirrhosis, uremia, etc.)
III. Treatment The patient should be made to take a sitting or semi-sitting position when the nose bleeds. If there is a lot of bleeding or if the patient is suspected to be in shock (such as the patient appears pale, the limbs are cold, the pulse rate is accelerated, shortness of breath, etc.), remove the pillow, take a flat position or a flat head-down position, and call 120 immediately.
Acupressure to stop bleeding: For a small amount of bleeding from the anterior part of the nasal septum or an occasional bleeding with a small amount, the acupressure method can be used. Pinch both sides of the nose with the thumb and index finger and compress for 5-10 minutes. Cold towels or cold water bags or ice packs can also be used on the patient’s forehead and back of the neck during acupressure to promote vasoconstriction and reduce nasal bleeding.
When the patient has more nasal bleeding, the nasal cavity can also be filled to stop the bleeding while preparing to go to the hospital. Gently fill the patient’s anterior and posterior nostrils with tightly rolled gauze or cotton strips, and squeeze the two nasal wings with the index finger and thumb to stop the bleeding by compression. When putting in the gauze or cotton strips, be careful to leave the gauze or cotton strips exposed a little for removal.
If the appeal method is ineffective, go to the hospital immediately and seek further treatment.
Precautions: 1. Do not be nervous when nosebleeds. When there is more bleeding, the patient is often more nervous, but as the patient’s family, must not be nervous, otherwise it will intensify the patient’s fear. To calm the patient, accompany the patient, eliminate the patient’s nervousness and fear, and instruct the patient to breathe (slow and deep breathing, inhale as slowly as possible, preferably for more than 3 seconds, until you can no longer inhale and then exhale slowly) to fully relax themselves; 2. Therefore, the patient should be instructed to spit out the blood that flows into the mouth as much as possible. Do not let the patient swallow the blood, so as not to stimulate the gastrointestinal tract to cause nausea, vomiting or suffocation caused by the patient accidentally inhaling and breathing into the inhalation tract; 3. During the period of nasal bleeding, it is advisable to eat a light diet and attach great importance to the supplementation of vitamins A, E and C, which are beneficial to stop bleeding, and it is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as capers, celery, marjoram, lotus couple, mandarin, orange, tangerine, apple, sour dates, etc.; 6.