There is a large number of hypothyroidism patients in the thyroid clinic, and the culprit is often a disease called Hashimoto’s disease. Friends around us are also plagued and attacked by this disease in twos and threes. Today, we will unveil this disease, the name of which is very mysterious. There are many causes of hypothyroidism, the most common of which is Hashimoto’s disease. Hashimoto’s disease, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, was first reported by Hashimoto at Kyushu University in Japan in 1912 in the German Medical Journal and is therefore named Hashimoto (Hashimoto) thyroiditis, the most common clinical inflammation of the thyroid gland, and is the most common cause of enlarged thyroid and or acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents. Hashimoto’s disease is often not felt at all. The most common complaint is an “enlarged neck”, which means an enlarged thyroid gland. Blood tests may further reveal elevated thyroglobulin antibodies and/or thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland often indicates a diffuse thyroid lesion. Needle aspiration cytology aspiration can further confirm the diagnosis. The etiology of Hashimoto’s disease is not fully understood, but it is certain that it is a non-bacterial, autoimmune related inflammatory disease and therefore ineffective with antibiotics. The most likely consequence of this disease is the inability of the thyroid gland to produce enough thyroxine. Therefore, patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease need to have their thyroid function checked, and as long as the thyroid function is normal, no special treatment can be suspended. In the thyroid function which is reviewed every 6 months, when hypothyroidism occurs, it is enough to take oral thyroxine (such as eugenol) to replace the missing thyroxine. It is believed that patients with Hashimoto’s disease have a higher chance of thyroid cancer than the normal population. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with Hashimoto’s disease have a thyroid ultrasound every 12 months, just in case. Finally, I would like to conclude with an analogy I often use in the clinic: Hashimoto’s disease is like chronic bronchitis, it cannot be completely cured, but there is no need to be overly nervous, just supervise it under the guidance of a thyroid specialist!